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小学英语语法

时间:2020-12-22 19:03:38 考试英语 我要投稿

小学英语语法大全

  小学的英语语法虽然不多,但对于小学生来说,学习英语语法也是一个难题,下面是CN人才小编为大家收集整理的小学英语语法相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助,欢迎阅读。

小学英语语法大全

  一、名词复数规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  4、以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,(但有一个特例:roof→roofs)。

  如: knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves

  5.以“o”结尾的单词,如果有生命,加-es;如果没有生命,加-s。

  如:①有生命:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes

  hero-heroes Negro- Negroes

  ②没生命:radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos

  6.不规则名词的复数变化:

  (一)完全不规则:

  woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen

  mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth man-men

  (二)单数复数词形相同:

  fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people

  Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese

  小练习

  写出下列各词的复数

  I _________him _________this ___________her ______

  watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

  day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________

  tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____

  thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______

  man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________

  water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________

  二、一般现在时

  【No. 1】一般现在时的功能

  1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

  2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

  3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

  一般现在时的构成

  1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

  2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如: We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

  一般现在时的变化

  1. be动词的变化。

  否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

  一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student?

  -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

  2.行为动词的变化。

  否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:

  I don't like bread.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:

  He doesn't often play.

  一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:

  - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:

  - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

  动词+s的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

  小练习

  1、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数

  drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________

  look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____

  come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________

  study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______

  1、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

  1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

  2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

  3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

  4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

  5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

  6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

  7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

  8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

  9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

  10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

  11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

  12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

  13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

  14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

  15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

  16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

  17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

  18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

  19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

  20. -What day _______(be) it today?

  - It’s Saturday.

  三、现在进行时

  1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

  2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.

  3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

  4.现在进行时的'一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

  5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:

  疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?

  但疑问词当主语时其结构为:

  疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?

  动词加ing的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

  2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

  3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

  小练习

  1、写出下列动词的现在分词:

  play________ run__________ swim _________make__________

  go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________

  read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________

  put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________

  live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________

  stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________

  2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

  1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

  2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

  3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

  4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

  5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .

  6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

  7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

  8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

  9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

  10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

  四、一般将来时

  1、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。

  2、基本结构:

  ①be going to + do;

  ②will+ do.

  3、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

  例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

  4、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。 例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

  5、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

  1.问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.

  2.问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.

  3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?

  6、同义句:be going to = will

  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

  小练习

  1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

  I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

  I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

  2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

  What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

  What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

  3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。

  _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?

  Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.

  4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

  What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

  改句子。

  5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)

  Nancy ________ going to go camping.

  6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them.

  7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)

  ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

  8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)

  _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

  9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)

  ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

  10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.

  用所给词的适当形式填空。

  11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

  12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

  13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

  14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

  15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

  16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

  17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

  18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.

  19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

  20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now

  五、形容词和副词的比较级

  1、形容词的比较级

  1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

  2.形容词加er的规则:

  ⑴一般在词尾加er ;

  ⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;

  ⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;

  ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

  3.不规则形容词比较级:

  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

  2、副词的比较级

  1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

  ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

  2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)

  小练习

  一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级

  old__________ young________ tall_______ long________

  short________ strong________ big________ small_______

  fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________

  nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________

  low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________

  late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______

  3、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:

  1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.

  2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.

  3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.

  4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.

  5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.

  6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.

  7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.

  8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.

  9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.

  10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..

  11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?

  12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?

  13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.

  14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).

  15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.

  六、一般过去时

  1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。

  2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

  ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

  ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

  ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

  3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

  否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

  一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

  如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

  特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如: What did Jim do yesterday?

  ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式? 如:Who went to home yesterday?

  动词过去式变化规则:

  1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied

  5.不规则动词过去式:

  am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

  小练习

  一般过去时练习

  写出下列动词的过去式

  is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________

  drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________

  does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____

  taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______

  throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________

  Be动词的过去时练习

  一、用be动词的适当形式填空

  1. I _______ at school just now.

  2. He ________ at the camp last week.

  3. We ________ students two years ago.

  4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.

  5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

  6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

  7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

  8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

  行为动词的过去时练习

  一、用行为动词的适当形式填空

  1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.

  2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.

  3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.

  4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

  5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

  6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.

  7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.

  8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.

  七、时间介词要点

  1.at

  表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。

  at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)

  these are our chief tasks at the present stage.这些就是我们现阶段的主要任务。

  2.on

  1)表示具体日期。

  they arrived in shanghai on may

  他们在五月二十五日到达上海。

  注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

  at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指

  at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指

  over the weekend?在整个周末

  during the weekend?在周末期间

  (2)在圣诞节,应说"at christmas而不说"on christmas

  2)在(刚……)的时候。

  on reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。

  3.in

  1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和dur- ing互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(december,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

  i returned to beijing in the middle of june.我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示"在某项活动的期间",则只能用during。

  during my military service(the trip)在我服役期间(在旅行期间)

  ?2)表示以说话时间为基点的"(若干时间)以后",常用作将来时态谓语的时间状语。如这时要表示"(若干时间)内",常用within。

  比较:

  the meeting will end in 30?minutes.(三十分钟后)会议三十分钟后结束。

  can you finish it within 30?minutes?(三十分钟内)你能在三十分钟之内完成这件事吗?

  但在过去时态中,in可用于表"在若干时间以内",这时不要误用during。 the job was done during a week.(wrong)

  the job was done in a week.(right)这工作在一星期内就完成了。

  4.after

  表示"在(某具体时间)以后",注意不要和in的2)意混淆。

  ??after supper(8?o’clock,the war)晚饭(八点、战)后 比较:he will be back in two hours.他将在两个小时以后回来。

  he returned to?his hometown after the war.战后他回到了故乡。

  5.for

  表示"(动作延续)若干时间",有时可省略。 i stayed in london(for)two days on my way to new york.在去纽约的途中,我在伦敦呆了两天。

  6.since

  表示"自(某具体时间)以来",常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。

  since liberation(1980)自从解放(1980年)以来 they have been close friends since childhood.他们从小就是好朋友。 注:

  (1)since the war是指"自从战争结束以来",若指"自从战争开始以来",须说"since the beginning of the war"。

  (2)不要将since与after混淆。 比较:he has worked here since 1965.(指一段时间,强调时间段)自从1965年以来,他一直在这儿工作。 he began to work here after 1965.(指一点时间,强调时间点)从1965年以后,他开始在这儿工作。

  7.by

  表示"到……的时候",其谓语时态的用法:动作动词常用完成时态;状态动词(be)常用一般时态。

  比较:

  by noon,everybody had(will have)arrived there. by noon,everybody were(will be)there. 到中午的时候,大家都(将)到那儿了。 以上探讨了介词表示时间概念时的用法和比较,上述介词除表示时间概念外还有其他的用法,英语学习者必须掌握其各种用法,才能灵活运用,提高自己的语言能力。

  延伸阅读:小学英语语法练习:用恰当的be动词填空

  1. I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

  2. The girl______Jack's sister.

  3. The dog _______tall and fat.

  4. The man with bigeyes _______ a teacher.

  5. ______ yourbrother in the classroom?

  6. Where _____ yourmother? She ______ at home.

  7. How _______ yourfather?

  8. Mike and Liu Tao______ at school.

  9. Whose dress______ this?

  10. Whose socks______ they?

  11. That ______ myred skirt.

  12. Who ______I?

  13.The jeans ______on the desk.

  14. Here ______ ascarf for you.

  15. Here ______some sweaters for you.

  16. The blackgloves ______ for Su Yang.

  17. This pair ofgloves ______ for Yang Ling.

  18. The two cups ofmilk _____ for me.

  19. Some tea ______in the glass.

  20. Gao shan'sshirt _______ over there.

  21. My sister'sname ______Nancy.

  22. This ______ notWang Fang's pencil.

  23. ______ Davidand Helen from England?

  24. There ______ agirl in the room.

  25. There ______some apples on the tree.

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