英语时态过去完成时
过去完成时，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。今天CN人才小编为大家收集整理的是英语过去完成时的相关内容，希望大家喜欢，欢迎阅读参考。
基本结构
主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.
否定回答：No,主语+had not .
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)
⑤被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.
主要用法
1、表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作。如：
When the horse had finished the race, its sides were wet with foam. (这匹马结束比赛时，脊背被汗水湿透了。)
I found your coat after you had left the house. (你离开房子之后，我发现了你的外衣。)
2、表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如：
Up to the sixties he had lived the life of a young man. (一直到60多岁，他还过着青年人的生活。)
When he had stayed here for two or three days he began to feel at home. (他在这儿住了两三天，才觉得没有什么拘束。)
标志性词语
过去完成时常见的标志性时间状语主要有：
1、by the end of+过去时间
By the end of last year, we had solved more than 100 problems. (到去年年底，我们已经解决了100多个问题。)
2、by the time+从句(动作发生在过去)
By the time she left the city, she had used up all her savings. (到她离开这个城市的时候，她的存款已全部用完。)
3、by (the time of)+过去时间
He had taught maths for four years by last July. (到上个七月为止，他已经教了四年数学了。)
4、before+过去时间
He had never ridden a horse before last month. (到上个月以前他从来没有骑过马。)
语法判定
1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
① by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
昨晚九点我已看完这本小说了。
② by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 到上学期末我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。
③ before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
在上星期三之前，他们已经种了六百棵树了。
2.由“过去的过去”来判定
过去完成时表示“过去的`过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
①宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。如在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如：She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她已经看过这部电影了。
②状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
他关上了门，离开了教室。
③表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
我们原本希望你来，但你没有来。
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
如：I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上遇见了王滔。自从他去北京，我们都没有见过面。
小试牛刀
1. We _______ (paint) the house before we _______ (move) in.
2. That rich old man ______(make) a will before he ______(die).
3. They ______ (study) the map of the country before they _______(leave).
4. The robbers ______(run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I ______(turn off) all the lights before I ______(go) to bed.
6. Paul _______ (go) out with Jane after he _______(make) a phone call.
7. Tom ______(say) he _______(read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ______ (fail ) because we _______ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman _______ (finish) speaking, he _______ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads _______(have) lunch when I _______(get) to their house.
答案
1. had painted ... moved
2. had made ... died
3. had studied … left
4. had run away … arrived
5. had turned off … went
6. went … had made
7. said … had read
8 .failed … had made
9. (had) finished … left
10. were having/had had … got
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