高考英语重点词汇和句型
高考英语重点词汇
1.accuse / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为charge sb with sth，此结构还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。例如：
例1：My father accused me of my being too careless. (父亲责备我太粗心。)
例2：He accused me of neglecting my duty. (他指控我玩忽职守。)
例3：He charged me with neglecting my duty. (同上)
例4：Jimmy was charged with murder. (吉米被控谋杀。)
例5：He was charged with an important task. (他担负有一项重要任务。)
2.add / add to / add up / add up to
add：增加，把……加上。add…to…：把……加到。例如：
例6：At the end of the party, we added another program.
例7：You needn’t add any water to the medicine.
add to：增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如：
例8：His coming added to our trouble. (他的到来给我们添了麻烦。)
add up：加起来。例如：
例9：Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to：总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。例如：
例10：All the numbers added up to 100.
3.advise / suggest
advise：建议，劝说。例如：
例11：I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
例12：I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虚拟语气。)
例13：I advised him to give up smoking.
例14：I advised him not to smoke.
例15：Could you advise us on how to learn English?
例16：Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest：建议，表明，暗示。例如：
例17：We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
例18：We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虚拟语气。)
例19：His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. (他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。)
4.agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with：同意，赞成(后接“人”或what从句作宾语);适合，适应;一致。例如：
例20：I don’t quite agree with you.
例21：Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22：The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. (这里的天气我们多数人不适应。)
例23：Your words do not agree with your actions. (你的言行不一。)
agree to：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如：
例24：John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on：对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如：
例25：Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
5.allow / permit / let / promise
allow：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。例如：
例26：Who allowed you to leave the camp?
例27：Smoking is not allowed here.
例28：Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。例如：
例29：He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。
let：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如：
例30：Don’t let this happen again.
例31：This is not allowed to happen again. (不说：This is not let to happen again.)
promise：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如：
例32：They promised an immediate reply.
例33：He promised to start at once.
例34：I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。)
6.announce / declare
announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如：
例35：The government announced that the danger was past.
例36：It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say，explain等。例如：
例37：He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
(他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”)
declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如：
例38：The chairman declared the exhibition open. (主席宣布展览会开幕。)
7.answer / reply
answer：回答，回应。例如：
例39：“Tom!” No one answered.
例40：Please answer the door-bell. (请去开门。)
例41：He answered that he knew nothing about it.
例42：No one was able to answer him a word.
reply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to再接宾语;作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。例如：
例43：He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44：He replied that he would not go.
例45：Not a word did she reply.(她一句话也不应。)
answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to。例如：
例46：He made no answer / reply to his questions.
8.appear / look / seem
appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。例如：
例47：This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
(这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。)
seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。例如：
例48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
(你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。)
例49：It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look：好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如：
例50：What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51：It looks like rain. (看来要下雨了。)
9.argue / quarrel
argue：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如：
例52：What are you arguing about?
例53：I argued with him the whole day.
quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。例如：
例54：It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. (为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。)
10.arrive / reach / get
arrive，reach和get都有“到达”的'意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用，它和reach是比较正式的用语;reach是及物动词;get通常与介词to连用，在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词(如here, there, home等)时，不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达成(协议)，作出(决定)”的意思。例如：
例55：When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
例56：At five, they arrived in Beijing.
例57：The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday.
例58：At what time did you get to the post office?
例59：The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion.
(几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。)
高考英语重点句型
句型1
would ratherthat somebody did…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示现在或将来的愿望)
would ratherthat somebody had done…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示过去的愿望)
[例句]
I'd rather youposted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。
I'd rather youwere not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.
我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。
I'd ratherthat I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。
句型2
as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)[参考句型4]
[例句]
Our headteacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in ourclass think highly of her.
Alan talkedabout Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。
句型3
"wish +宾语从句"，表示不大可能实现的愿望
表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;
表示过去的愿望：主语+had done;
表示将来的愿望：主语+would/coulddo
[例句]
How I wish westudents had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己!
I failed inthe maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing!
What a pityyou can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
句型4
It'shigh/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该……
[例句]
It's time thatyou went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.
It's high timethat we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。
I think it'shigh time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。
句型5
情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法
could havedone "本来可以……"(表示过去没有实现的可能)。
might havedone "本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事"(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。
should/oughtto have done "本来该做某事"(而实际未做)
shouldnot/ought not to have done "本来不该做"(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)
needn't havedone "本来不必做"(但是已经做过了)
would ratherhave done "当时宁愿做了某事"(实际没有做过);否定式would rathernot have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示"后悔"之意。
句型6
as, though,although引导的让步状语从句。
[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的变化：
[例句]
1.Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→Youngas/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。
2.Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.
→Muchas/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。
3.Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→Child(省略冠词)as/though he is, he knows a lot ofChinese characters. 他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。
4. Although hetried, he couldn't solve the problem.
→Try as hemight, he couldn't solve the problem. 尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。
5. Although itis raining, I'm going out for a walk.
→Raining as itis, I'm going out for a walk. 天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。
6. Strange asit may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。
7. Much as Iwould like to help, I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多事要做。
8. Object asyou may, I will go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。
句型7
…before…特殊用法(1)"没来得及……就……"
[例句]
The roof fellbefore he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。
He ran offbefore I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。
To my greatdisappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a wordwith her.
让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。
句型8
…before…特殊用法(2)"过了多久才……"或"动作进行到什么程度才……"
[例句]
They walkedabout fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。
The workersworked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。
He almostknocked me down before he knew it.
他几乎撞到我了才意识到。
We had walkeda long way before we found some water.
我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。
Five years wentby before I knew it. 不知不觉，五年过去了。
句型9
It was + 时间段+before…."过了多久才(怎么样)……"
It was notlong before…."不久，就……"
It will (not)be +时间段+before…."要过多久(不久)……才……"(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)
[例句]
It was notlong before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
It was fivedays before he came back. 五天后他才回来。
It will behalf a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕业。
It will not belong before they understand each other. 他们大概不久就会互相了解。
句型10
in caseof…(+n.) "以防;万一";
in case that…"以防，万一……"(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)
[例句]
In case offire, what should we do?
Please remindme about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。
In case (that)John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.
Please takeyour umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).带上雨伞，以防下雨。
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