初二下册英语语法填空
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一. 询问某人的健康问题及遭到麻烦的表达方法
1. 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：
What’s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?
What’s wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?
What’s the trouble with sb? 某人出什么事了?
What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事?
Are you OK? 你没事吧?
Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有不舒服/麻烦吗?
2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
①某人+have/has+病症
The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。
②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache
/earache.
She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位
He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词
He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位
I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。
⑦(There is) something wrong with one’s+身体部位
There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。
二. 情态动词should的用法
1. should为情态动词，意为“应该;应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。
You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水。
He should put his head back. 他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV. 你不应该看电视。
2. should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。
Should I put some medicine on it? 我应当给它敷上药吗?
Should we tell her about it? 我们应该告诉她这件事吗?
3. 在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：
①Would you like (to do) sth?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗?
Would you like to play basketball with me? 你想要和我一起打篮球吗?
②Shall I/we do sth? 我/我们做某事好吗?
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 明天我们去动物园，好吗?
③Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢?
Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?
④How/What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?
How about going swimming? 去游泳怎么样?
⑤Let’s do sth. 让我们做......吧。
Let’s go home. 咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth 你最好(不)要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone. 你最好不要一个人去那儿。
三. 反身代词
英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别和数上保持一致。
反身代词的用法
1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.
2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如： She isn’t quite herself today.
3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.
I met the writer himself last week.
4. 用在某些固定短语当中。
如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……)
hurt oneself 弄伤自己
say to oneself 自言自语
leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
【注意】 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
如：我自己能完成作业。
(误)Myself can finish my homework.
(正)I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
四. 一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的.动作或状态。
一般将来时的基本结构
1. will+动词原形
否定式：will not=won't
一般疑问式：will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
—Will he help you with your English tonight?
今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?
—Yes, he will./No, he won't.
是的，他会。/不，他不会。
—When will you arrive for America?
你什么时候去美国?
—Tomorrow.
明天。
2. am/is/are going to +动词原形
否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形
一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.
看那乌云，快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us?
他会帮我们收集数据吗?
What are you going to do tomorrow?
明天你打算作什么?
3. will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法区别
will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。
will主要用于在以下三个方面：
(1)表示主观意愿的将来。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他们将去厂参观工厂。
(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
(3)表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。
—Mary has been ill for a week.
玛丽病了一周了。
—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢，我不知道。我去看看她。
be going to主要用于以下两个方面：
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
五. 动词不定式(to do)的用法
1. 作主语
为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
2. 作宾语
动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。
3. 作(后置)定语
常用于“have/has+sth.+to do”或“It‟s time to do sth.”等结构中。
4. 作宾语补足语
tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。
5. 动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。
延伸阅读：例题
When Mr Smith retired(退休), he bought a small 1 in a village near the sea. He2 it and hoped to live a quiet life in this house.
But to his great surprise, many tourists came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most 3 building in the village. From morning to night there were 4 outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and 5 of them even went into Mr Smith’s garden. This was too much for Mr Smith. He decided to ask the visitors to 6 . So he put a notice on the window. The notice said, “If you want 7 your curiosity(好奇心)，come in and look round. Price: twenty dollars.” Mr Smith was sure that the visitors would 8 coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr Smith had to 9 every day showing them around his house.“I came here to 10 not to work as a guide(导游),”he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away.
( )1.A. gardenB. shopC. houseD. school
( )2. A. liked B. hatedC. soldD. built
( )3. A. bigB. interestingC. smallD. clean
( )4. A. children B. studentsC. parentsD. tourists
( )5. A. noB. noneC. manyD. much
( )6. A. comeB. leaveC. stayD. play
( )7. A. to satisfyB. satisfyC. to satisfyingD. satisfying
( )8. A. go onB. stopC. continueD. not
( )9. A. takeB. costC. spendD. pay
( )10. A. playB. workC. watchD. retire
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