职称英语理工类考试真题(含答案)
20xx年职称英语理工类B级考试真题
第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均由1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意思最接近的选项。
1. There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.
A. different B. wrong C. strange D. funny
2. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A. at B. with C. about D. from
3. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A. found by chance B. passed by C. took a notice of D. woke up
4. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.
A. general B. complex C. direct D. inflexible
5. It seems incredible that he had been there a week already.
A. unbelievable B. right C. obvious D. unclear
6. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A. worried B. sleepy C. anxious D. offensive
7. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. send B. hear C. spread D. confirm
8. As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
A. express B. influence C. divide D. voice
9. These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A. explore B. travel C. inhabit D. prefer
10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A. taught B. kept C. changed D. attracted
11. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. cautious B. naked C. blind D. private
12. Make sure the table is securely anchored.
A. repaired B. cleared C. booked D. fixed
13. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A. shut B. break C. set D. beat
14. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten B. start C. end D. resume
15. He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
A. understand B. withhold C. exchange D. contact
参考答案：CCADA DCBBD ADBCA
第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请选择C。
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. “They’re the best toys out there，”says Howle Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist，a person who designs，builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid，he was interested in anything that moved—cars，trains，animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later，in high school，he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots，he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena，Choset’s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars：robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward，backward，left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形). “Snakes are far more interesting than the cars，”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon，Choset and his colleagues there bagan developing their own snake robots. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes，such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don’t，such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass，swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries，the doctor has to open a patient’s chest，cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati，a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School，to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,"Choset says.
16.Choset began to build robots in high school.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17.Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18.Choset didn’t begin developing his own snake robots until he started working Carnegie Mellon.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19.Choset’s snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20.The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21.Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22.The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome Medrobotics.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
参考答案：ABAACCC
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Black Holes
1 Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum，sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel，and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational(重力的)force，hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star’s surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
2 Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen，other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass(恒星质量)black hole，which can only occur if the star is large enough(should be bigger than the sun)for the explosion to break it into pieces，and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare：if a star that’s ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole that’s no longer than 70 kilometers，then the Earth would become black hole that’s only a fraction of an inch!
3 Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there，never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up(吞噬)objects within a specific distance to it. It’s possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole，but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits(轨道)do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star，only this its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4 So far，astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. In the end，through numerous studies，they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light，it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies(银河系)，space and the solar system to understand how black holes. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years，and later contribute further process in galaxies，which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
A. What happens to the objects around a black hole?
B. Is there proof that black holes really exist?
C. How were black holes named?
D. What are different types of black holes?
E. What are black holes made of?
F. How are black holes formed?
23. Paragraph 1 F
24. Paragraph 2 E
25. Paragraph 3 A
26. Paragraph 4 B
27. Black holes are formed after___D______.
28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into____F_____ .
29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of ___C______ .
30. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity helps to prove____A_____ .
A. the existence of black holes
B. the creation of new entities
C. the same amount of mass
D. an explosion of huge stars
E. a fraction of an inch
F. the tiniest particle
参考答案：FEABDFCA
第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
第一篇 Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production，the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing(租赁)，both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf。 Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2000，32 percent of US oil，35 percent of natural gas，and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands，representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil，gas，and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999，for example，$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury，and non-India coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues，of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year，federal land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines，rail systems，pipelines，and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production，though the amount is still significant. For example，federal geothermal(地热)resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours(千瓦时)of electricity per year，47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone，producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with influence on foreign off sources，pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources，development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced，or mineral be banned altogether.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
B. Public lands play an important role in energy production.
C. Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.
D. Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.
32. Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?
A. The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.
B. Half of US energy is produced there.
C. Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
D. Most energy resources are reserved there.
33. Geothermal resources，wind turbines，and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 cited as examples to illustrate that
A. the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.
B. alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.
C. they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.
D. geothermal resources are more important than the other two。
34. There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands
A. the U.S. is demanding more and more energy.
B. many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.
C. quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.
D. many Americans think public lands are being abused.
35. Public lands can be used for energy development when
A. energy development restrictions are effective.
B. federal land managers grant permissions.
C. they go through the land use planning process.
D. there is enough federal budget.
参考答案：BAAAC
第二篇 Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels(太阳能电池板)for decades. But plants are the real experts. They’ve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight，carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)，and water into sugars and starches(淀粉)，stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis(光合作用). Unfortunately，unless you’re a plant，it’s difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That’s why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants，or biological cells that act like plants，to work as very small photosynthesis power stations. For example，Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden. Colo.，is working with green algae(水藻). She’s trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently，the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis，plants normally make sugars or starches.“But under certain conditions，a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch，but to make hydrogen.”Ghirardi says. For example，algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It’s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.
Working in an airfree environment，however，is difficult. It’s not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate(硫酸盐)from the environment that the algae grow in，they will make hydrogen instead of sugars，even when air is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells'activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere： “You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms.”
36. How do plants relate to solar energy?
A. They are the real experts in producing it.
B. They have been a source of it.
C. They have been used to produce it.
D. They have been using it for billions of years.
37. Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to
A. improve the efficiency of it.
B. turn plant sugars to a new form of energy.
C. make green plants a new source of energy.
D. get more sugars and starches from plants.
38. Algae are able to use solar energy to produce hydrogen when
A. they are grown in narrow-necked bottles.
B. there is enough oxygen in the air.
C. enough starches is stored.
D. there is no oxygen in the air.
39. Researchers find it difficult to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently because
A. removing the sulfate slows down hydrogen production.
B. it is hard to create an airfree environment.
C. it is expensive to remove the sulfate from the environment.
D. the algae’s cells work slowly if there is no oxygen in the air.
40. What does Ghirardi say about algae?
A. They grow faster in a reactor.
B. They will be planted everywhere.
C. They are cheap to eat.
D. They can be a good energy source.
参考答案：DADAD
第三篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badger
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert，a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers(獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert，Kitso Khama，to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behavior as discreetly(谨慎地)as possible，without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animal’s reputation，this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals，especially when they see something new.”he says.“That，combined with their unpredictable nature，can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food，for example，they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans，but as soon as they feel they might be in danger，they can become extremely vicious(凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare，but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected，honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes，feared and avoided by most other animals，were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised，however，by the animal’s fondness for local melons，probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey(猎物). The team also learnt that，contrary to previous research findings，the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research，including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge，since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males，there are occasional fights over an important food source，and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people，it gave the team the to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals’ curiosity—or a sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns，which had been disrupted，to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other that form working associations with the honey badger，as these seemed to badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
41. Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A. To observe how honey badgers behave.
B. To find where honey badgers live.
C. To catch some honey badgers for food.
D. To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
42. What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A. They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
B. They are always looking for food.
C. They do not enjoy human company.
D. It is common for them to attack people.
43. What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A. They were some creatures they did not eat.
B. They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
C. They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
D. Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
44. Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A. They don’t run very quickly.
B. They defend their territory from other badgers.
C. They are more aggressive than females.
D. They hunt over a very large area.
45. What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around then
A. They became less aggressive towards other creature.
B. They lost interest in people.
C. They started eating more.
D. Other animals started working with them.
参考答案：AABDB
第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据文章的内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives
Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose(蔗糖)and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time，sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant，grown throughout the world. ________(46)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things，from confectionery(糖果点心)to medicine，and，as the demand for sugar grew，the industry became larger and more profitable. ____(47) ____ Many crops withered(枯萎)and died ，despite growers’ attempts to save them，and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s，scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes，mixing genes from the more delicate，commercial type. ____(48)____This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially，but when this happens，it is expected to be incredible profitable for the industry.
____ (49)____Brazil，which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar，has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research，however，we still do not fully understand how the genes in sugar cane.____(50)____This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientist believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
A Since the 1980s，scientists have been analysing the mysterious of the sugar canes genetic code.
47. Unfortunately，however，the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
46. The majority of the world’s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
50. One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angellique D’Hont and her team in Montpeller，France.
48. Eventually，a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before，but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
49. Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
参考答案：B C D E F
第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳答案。
Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures(秃鹰)in question may look ugly and threatening，but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India's vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration，and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic_____(51)_____in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the ____(52)_____areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems _____(53)_____the Indian sub-continent.
While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians，vultures have _____(54)_____played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India (55). It is because they feed on dead cows. In India，cows are sacred animals and are _____(56)_____left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has _____(57_____an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these_____(58)_____animals. There are fears that rabies(狂犬症) may increase as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately(最终)affect humans in the region，_____(59)_____wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species，_____(60)_____an even greater problem in the future.
The need for action is _____(61)_____，so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to _____(62)_____the disease causing the birds’ deaths and，if possible，develop a cure.
Large-scale vulture _____(63)were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined _____(64)over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as "critically endangered". As most vultures lay only single eggs and _____(65)_____about five years to reach maturity，reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.
51. A. increase B. threat C. decline D. risk
52. A. small B. different C. same D. safe
53. A. above B. with C. across D. through
54. A. rarely B. long C. recently D. seldom
55.A. dangerous B. clean C. smelly D. beautiful
56. A. immediately B. occasionally C. hardly D. traditionally
57. A. acted as B. led to C. come from D. slowed down
58. A. dead B. strange C. wild D. endangered
59. A. when B. so C. whether D. since
60. A. improving B. causing C. predicting D. finding
61. A. frequent B. regular C. urgent D. sudden
62. A.identify B. prove C. test D. check
63. A.injuries B.deaths C. arrivals D. attacks
64. A.in B.on C.along D.by
65. A.waste B.consume C.take D.adopt
参考答案：CC BB DBADB CABDC
2016年职称英语理工类A级考试真题
第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.
A. inflexible B. general C. complex D. direct
2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
A. turned dead B. passed by
C. carried away D. become extinct
3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten B. end C. start D. resume
4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title.
A. argue B. claim C. wish D. compete
5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.
A. simple B. reliable C. effective D. alternative
6. Respect for life is a cardinal ??principle?? of the law.
A. moral B. regular C. fundamental D. hard
7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.
A. polluted B. treated C. tested D. corrupted
8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A. shut B. set C. break D. beat
9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.
A. wiped B. injected C. produced D. removed
10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.
A. existence B. importance C. cause D. situation
11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.
A. unknown B. unusual C. undamaged D. unstable
12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.
A. doubtful B. untouched C. certain D. silent
13. The proposal was endorsed the majority of members.
A. rejected B. submitted C. considered D. approved
14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. send B. spread C. hear D. confirm
15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. naked B. cautious C. blind D. private
参考答案：ADBDA CACCB CADBB
第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)
New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries
Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韧性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.
To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.
The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).
By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again.The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk —like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.
16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Silk’s strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
参考答案：BABBCBA
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Black Holes
1 Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational (重力的) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star’s surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
2 Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass (恒星质量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare: if a star that’s ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole that’s no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become a black hole that’s only a fraction of an inch!
3 Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It’s possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4 So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to study galaxies, space and the solar system to understand how black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute to a bigger process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
A. Is there proof that black holes really exist?
B. What are different types of black holes?
C. How are black holes formed?
D. How were black holes named?
E. What happens to the objects around a black hole?
F. What are black holes made of?
23.Paragraph1 C
24.Paragraph2 F
25.Paragraph3 E
26.Paragraph4 A
27. Black holes are formed after___B___.
28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into___C___.
29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of___D___.
30. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity helps to prove__E____ .
A. the creation of new entities
B. an explosion of huge stars
C. the tiniest particle
D. the same amount of mass
E. the existence of black holes
F. a fraction of an inch
参考答案：CFEABCDE
第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Forecasting Methods
There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.
The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degrees today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.
The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation(降水量). Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.
The climatology(气候学) method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.
The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario(模式) and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.
31. Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?
A. Necessary amount of information.
B. Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.
C. Practical knowledge of the forecaster.
D. Creativity of the forecaster.
32. The persistence method fails to work well when
A. it is rainy.
B. it is sunny.
C. weather conditions stay stable.
D. weather conditions change greatly.
33. The trends method works well when
A. weather features are constant for a long period of time.
B. weather features are defined well enough.
C. predictions on precipitation are accurate.
D. the speed and direction of movement are predicable.
34. The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast when
A. the analog looks complicated.
B. the current weather scenario is different from the analog.
C. the analog is more than 10 years old.
D. the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog.
35. Historical weather data are necessary in
A. the persistence method and the trends method.
B. the trends method and the climatology method.
C. the climatology method and the analog method.
D. The persistence method and the analog method.
参考答案：DDABC
第二篇 Students Learn Better With Touchscreen Desks
Observe the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal. Technology moves faster than the education system. Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And — particularly in the United States — school children as a group don’t care much for, or excel(擅长)at, mathematics. So it’s heartening to learn that a new kind of “classroom of the future” shows promise at mitigating some of these problems, starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture: the desk.
AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generation of multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students’ math skills compared to peers learning the same material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration, mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.
Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy (效力) at increasing students fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and practice — dull, repetitive practice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility — the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices, but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.
One reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology. Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as SynergyNet, the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared (红外线的) spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens. By using these screens collaboratively, the researchers say, the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.
36. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?
A. It does not catch up with the development of technology.
B. Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.
C. Some similar complaints about it are heard in different countries.
D. Many students are not good at learning mathematics.
37. What has been found after the new tech is employed?
A. Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.
B. Students become less active in learning mathematics.
C. Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.
D. The gap between slow learners and fast learners get more noticeable.
38. What is the benefit students get from the new tech?
A. It makes them more fluent in public speech.
B. It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.
C. It is effective in helping them solve physical problems.
D. It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.
39. What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech?
A. Every student has an individual tabletop.
B. Students use different tools to interact with each other.
C. The multi-touch function stimulates students.
D. The software installed automatically identifies different users.
40. How does the new tech work to improve students’mathematical learning?
A. It helps fast learners to learn faster.
B. It makes teachers’ instruction unnecessary.
C. It enables them to work together.
D. It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.
参考答案：BADCC
第三篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badgers
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fat that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity —or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seems to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
41. Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A. To find where honey badgers live.
B. To observe how honey badgers behave.
C. To catch some honey badgers for food.
D. To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
42. What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A. They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
B. They are always looking for food.
C. They do not enjoy human company.
D. It is common for them to attack people.
43. What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A. There were some creatures they did not eat.
B. They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
C. They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
D. Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
44. Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A. They don’t run very quickly.
B. They hunt over a very large area.
C. They defend their territory from other badgers.
D. They are more aggressive than females
45. What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
A. They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
B. They started eating more.
C. Other animals started working with them.
D. They lost interest in people.
参考答案：BACBD
第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
Toads are Arthritic and in Pain
Arthritis(关节炎) is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. 46__________.
The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 193S in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. 47__________.A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species
The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. 48__________.
A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night.49__________.But speed and strength come at a price —arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.
In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop(跳跃). 50__________.These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.
A. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet area.
48. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.
47. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.
49. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.
46. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.
50. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.
参考答案：BCDEF
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic(光电的) thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but ________ (51)now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector .That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon(晶体硅) solar cells, ________ (52)lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.
That’s a problem of economics. Good solarhot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower __________(53) .And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can __________(54)up all thespace on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a __________(55) in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous(非晶形的) silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they __________ (57) much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. __________ (58), thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency drops when you__________ (59) them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is one of the __________ (60) thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a __________ (61) to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new _____ (62) _____ of PVT .You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling __________ (63) of water, they could make thicker cells that largely _________ (64) the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they__________(65) the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
51. A. until B. unless C. when D. if
52. A. what B. which C. that D. who
53. A. reward B. bill C. pay D. cost
54. A. move B. set C. live D. take
55. A. decision B. suggestion C. solution D. qualification
56. A. for B. by C. with D. as
57. A. retrieve B. merge C. require D. exchange
58. A. Unfortunately B. Certainly C. Luckily D. Immediately
59. A. cover B. relate C. face D. expose
60. A. restrictions B. advances C. reasons D. strengths
61. A. part B. result C. subject D. way
62. A. type B. size C. shape D. brand
63. A. area B. point C. place D. extent
64. A. promoted B. improved C. overcame D. asserted
65. A. boosted B. defined C. wasted D. lower
参考答案：ABDDC DCADC DABCA
2016年职称英语考试试卷结构
2015年职称英语考试试卷结构：
A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。本部分为15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线。要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分为1篇300～450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为一篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题;(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。
2016年12月大学英语六级考试写作浅析
2014年12月大学英语六级考试写作浅析
2014年12月的大学英语六级考试已经结束，客观题部分，对很多考生来说都是没有疑问的，选对了就是对，错了就是错。但是主观题就有了很大的灵活性，因此不少考生会觉得心里七上八下，不知道自己答的主观题部分是不是符合要求。在此，老师就以写作为例，解说下小伙伴们关心的写作相关问题。
1.不要跑题
由于今年的客观题相对简单，为了保证稳定的过级率，主观题部分的阅卷可能会相对严格一些。但是我们不用担心，只要我们的作文不写跑题，那就没有问题。其实，今年的考题都是比较简单的，我们从看到第一眼就可以确定它的主题了，然后后面围绕这个话题进行展开就可以了。
2.关于标题
作文要不要写标题呢?这个问题就像哈姆雷特的“To be or not to be,that is a question”一样，不断萦绕在广大考生的脑海中。在这里，老师将要把大家从苦海中解救出来：这个标题写不写都不扣分。所以，小伙伴们，你们也不用再纠结了。
3.作文结构
我们的作文结构一定要清晰。那是不是就意味着一定要和八股文一样“三段式”呢?老师告诉你们其实不然，这个作文不一定三个段落，但不能只是一段，至少要三个段落。而且还要有清晰的'段落结构。不仅要有主题句，点明主题、引出下文;还要有总结句进行总结。否则是要扣结构分的。
4.用语地道
也就是说，我们要写出地道和专业的表达。但是我们知道每个国家和民族有自己的传统和特征，中国人很难创造出地道的英文表达，就像英国人不明白中国人为什么要说“说曹操曹操就到，”不说“说张飞张飞就到”一样。既然很难写出来，那应该怎么办呢?不着急，老师温馨提示：我们可以从真题文章中进行学习模仿。我们知道考试的真题都是从国外专业杂志中选择的最精彩的文章，它能体现全世界最专业的表达水平，其中的固定搭配和用法是非常飘亮。所以，我们在平时的学习中可以尝试从真题中总结出用词和短语，并运用到写作中去。
总之，只要能做到以上这些，老师相信，你的英语一定会所向无敌，高分通过考试的。
英语四六级名师指导：如何摆脱单词噩梦
看到这个题目，可能会有同学避之唯恐不及，因为记单词在许多同学的“职业生涯里”已经成为了一场挥之不去的梦魇。那一个个奇形怪状的字母，一个个蹩脚的发音，一个个稀奇古怪的意思，总让人伤透脑筋。有时候拼命记下了拼写，却忘了单词的意思，有时候知道单词的意思，却又拼不出来，总是让人又爱又恨。其实，记忆单词是可以有奥秘的，虽然说一个个的字母无序地排列让人捉摸不透，但是只要我们细心观察，就可以发现一些有用的小规律，帮助我们更快的记住单词。
规律一：
发音是重要的，规律是可循的。其实很多同学在记忆单词的过程中已经发现这个规律了，但是可能没有时间静下心来好好总结，没关系，在这里，我们可以重新审视一下这个规律。一般来说，英语单词的读音是非常重要的，而且也是很有规律的，也就是说，某一些特定的字母或者字母组合，往往都是发某个特定的或某一组特定的音，举个例子：competition， emotion， addition， ambition， creation， relation等等这样的词，我们读一遍就会发现，这些名词都有着相同的词尾-tion，而且这个词尾都无一例外地发/ ∫n/，这就给我们一个提示，如果遇到一些名词是以/ ∫n/结尾的话，那么它的词尾很有可能就是-tion，这样的话，我们的记忆就从一个一个的字母上升到了一个字母组合，而产生这些字母组合的原因，就是因为相同的发音。再比如：import， export， report， support， port， resort，这一系列的单词中，字母组合-ort都出现了/?:rt/这个发音，所以同样的，/?:rt/这个发音组合很有可能就拼写为ort.这样的例子还有很多，比如：picture， structure， architecture， culture， furniture， puncture， 字母组合-ture就肯定是发音/ t∫er/等等，一旦我们掌握这些规律，再结合原单词的记忆，那么这个单词的拼写就会记忆的很牢固，因为一旦遇到这样的发音，脑海中总是会浮现出特定的字母组合，帮助我们记忆单词，这样就可以把散乱不堪的字母变成一组一组的字母组合，减少我们记忆的负担，用这个方法记忆单词，将会事半功倍。
规律二：
巧识词根词缀。很多单词中，我们经常会见到一些常见的词根词缀，有时候虽然单词数量多，但是大多数都是由一个我们知道的单词加上特定的词根词缀来合成的，比如like，dislike;agree，disagree;这样的情况，我们不难看出，它是由原词加上一个否定前缀-dis来合成的，这样的单词算不上是生词，而只是衍生词，所以如果我们一旦识别了这样的词缀，那么生词的数量对于我们来说将会大大下降，那我们的几亿人武部也就轻松了许多吗?比起记忆浩如烟海的单词来说，记忆几个词根词缀就算不了什么了。我们中学里常见的词根词缀主要有以下一些：-dis，表示与原词反义;non-表示对原词的否定;un-也表示原词的反义;re-表示原词的动作或者意义的重复，比如locate-relocate(搬家)，move-remove(删除)，write-rewrite(重写)，cite(引述)-recite(反复引述-背诵);ex-，表示向外出去的，有时候也表示前任…。，im-，表示向内进入的，比如export，就是出口的意思，进口则是import，或者表示前妻，ex-wife，前女友ex-girlfriend;-ology表示学科，比如geology， biology， sociology(社会学)，psychology(心理学)，meteorology(气象学)，anthropology(人类学)等等，这样的例子还有很多，我们在记忆单词的时候，要做一个有心人，那么这些规律便不难发现，掌握了一些基本的词根词缀，我们都能够很快猜测出一些生词的含义，更不用说简单的记忆单词了，这不仅对于记单词是有个行之有效的方法，对于阅读题和完形填空题的解答，也有益处;
规律三：
不要花整块的时间记忆单词。同学们往往会专门腾出一块时间来记忆单词，这样做当时的效果可能会好，但是随着记忆曲线的下降，第二天，第三天，一周以后，可能你又忘记了很多词，这样一来，不仅时间花的不值，效果也大打折扣，给自信心一次沉重的打击，甚至还可能记单词产生抵触心理，这样就会产生恶性循环，这绝不是我们想看到的。当然，花整块时间去记单词的同学精神可嘉，但是我们提倡的是：单词不是靠一两遍就记下来的，而是靠无数次重复而留下的印象，这样的印象才是比较牢靠的。所以，如果你手边有一本单词书，那么没有必要专门花一整块的时间去一个词一个词，一个单元一个单元地去记，我们需要记单词是的时间是这样的时间：茶余饭后10分钟，课间休息5分钟，午睡前面10分钟，洗漱以后10分钟，饭后散步10分钟，总之就是一句话，这些都是零碎的时间，而零碎的时间记忆单词效果反而会更好，因为此时你的大脑处于放松的状态，事实证明，神经紧绷，大脑处于高度紧张状态下的记忆效果是不理想的，所以我提倡大家利用散碎的时间记忆单词。当然，时间散碎并不意味着记忆的内容散碎，我们还是要制定计划，比如每天记忆20个单词，这20个单词我分别利用今天的饭后散步和洗漱之后的时间搞定，睡前再重复一遍就可以，没有记住的单词没必要去拼命想，要知道重复的力量是可怕的，只要我们不断的重复，再难的单词我们也能记住;
规律四：
重复重复再重复。还是上面那句话，一本单词书，如果你看得很仔细，只看到第10单元，那么效果一定不如虽然看的不太仔细，但是看了10遍甚至20遍的同学，原因很简单，重复出奇迹，任何事情都经不起重复，一旦重复的次数达到一定的数量级，就会产生质的飞跃。所以，大家看单词书的时候，不要停留在一个一个的生词上，而是尽量放宽视野，把书读多翻几遍，每翻一遍就加深一次印象，没翻一遍就消灭几个“老大难”，很快，这本书快翻烂的时候，你会惊讶地发现你甚至已经可以把例句都记下来了，这就是最好的效果。提到例句，我还有一点建议，那就是认真地看例句，把这个单词的用法搞清楚，一旦会用这个单词了，那么记忆起来会容易得多，这是一个心理作用，但是对于我们记单词很有帮助。大家如果可以在平时的写作，造句中主动使用这些词，用不了多久你就会发现，这个单词越来越简单，越来越顺眼，其实没有什么奇怪的，正如卖油翁说的那句话：“无他，但手熟耳!”
2016年12月英语六级作文题目二：科技与学习
The picture vividly depicts that a teaching is asking a pupil to answer a simple math-related question——what’s two plus two? Unfortunately, the child cannot answer such an easy question without tech help. In fact, the phenomenon conveyed in the picture does not surprise us, because as the science and technology develops, the topic concerning the side effects of technological advancement increasingly arouses people’s attention.
Undoubtedly, the drawer of the picture aims at reminding us that we should use technology in a proper way and not be too tech-dependent to solve the simple problem independently. It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. But, while enjoying the convenience produced by tech, we must alert its harm. Being over-addicted to technology will cost our health, independence, wisdom，creativity and even our ability to live.
Weighing the pros and cons of the technology, perhaps the best policy is to apply it properly. At the same time, we must avoid its harmful part. Furthermore, young people should be advised that depending too much on technology is hardly beneficial for them at all and more importantly they are expected to acquire the capacity to think independently.
范文译文：
这幅图形象地描述了一位老师正在让一名小学生回答一个简单的数学问题：2加2等于几?然而不幸的是，这个小孩在没有计算器的帮助下居然无法回答一个如此简单的问题。事实上，我们对图画所描述的这种现象毫不惊奇，因为随着科学和技术的发展，有关技术进步的副作用已经开始引起人们的关注。
毫无疑问，图画的作者旨在提醒我们应该合理使用技术，过度依赖技术就会丧失独立解决问题的能力。众所周知，由于人类文明的发展，很多以前人类无法想象的东西成为现实。然而，在享受科技给我们带来便捷的同时，我们还要警惕它的危害。过度依赖技术会使我们失去健康、独立、智慧、创造力甚至是我们的生存能力。
权衡科技的利弊之后，可能最好的办法就是合理利用技术。同时，避免它的危害。而且，应该奉劝年轻人过度依赖技术对于他们百害而无一益，而且更重要的是年轻人应该养成独立思考的能力。
范文二：
As is shown in the picture, a teacher is asking a student a very easy math question of 2+2, but surprisingly, he answers that he is going to use technology to solve this problem. Simple as the picture is , it makes us consider whether technology is necessary in education.
As far as I am concerned, the technology is useful in our education. There are several reasons responsible for my arguments. First and foremost, it can help students have access to the wide range of information. For example, the teacher not only can present the contents through PPT but also show students pictures and videos, and let students accept and understand what they learn easily. Secondly, we can save a lot of paper. The teachers just need to put the contents in the PPT ,in order to protect our environment. Last but not least, the teacher can use long-distance(LD) education to teach, and other teachers can join in the class and share a wealth of useful information with students.
From what I said, we can safely draw the conclusion that technology is good if we use them in a correct way in a certain extent.
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