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2024年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(word版)
无论是身处学校还是步入社会，我们很多时候都会有考试，接触到试题，试题是学校或各主办方考核某种知识才能的标准。你知道什么样的试题才算得上好试题吗？以下是小编为大家整理的2024年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(word版)，欢迎大家分享。
职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(word版) 1
第一部分：词汇选项
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1. The majority of people around here are decent.
A. real
B. honest
C. normal
D. wealthy
答案：D
2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.
A. hidden
B. traditional
C. inflexible
D. official
答案：C
3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.
A. furnish
B. copy
C. publish
D. summarize
答案：A
4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.
A. excitement
B. disappointment
C. anger
D. calm
答案：B
5. Several windows had been smashed.
A. cleaned
B. replaced
C. fixed
D. broken
答案：D
6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.
A. pains
B. parts
C. aspects
D. results
答案：A
7. London quickly became a flourishing port.
A. major
B. large
C. successful
D. commercial
答案：C
8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.
A. homework
B. justice
C. model
D. act
答案：D
9. He led a very moral life.
A. human
B. intelligent
C. natural
D. honourable
答案：D
10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.
A. sincere
B. respectful
C. empty
D. terrible
答案：C
11. It was a majic night until the spell was broken.
A. time
B. charm
C. space
D. opportunity
答案：B
12. His professional career spanned 16 years.
A. started
B. changed
C. moved
D. lasted
答案：D
13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.
A. discover
B. prove
C. consider
D. imagine
答案：A
14. His knowledge of French is fair.
A. very useful
B. very limited
C. quite good
D. rather special
答案：B
15. The group does not advocate the use of violence.
A. limit
B. regulate
C. oppose
D. support
答案：D
第二部分：阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
So Many Earths
The Milky Way (银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life that’s the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASA’s top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it.
Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth’s, but no more than twice that big . The planet also would have to orbit in a star’s habitable zone. That’s where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see .
The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn’t sound like a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life.
16. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案：C
17. The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth’s.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案：A
18. The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案：B
19. The Earth is planet orbiting in the Sun’s habitable zone.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案：A
20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案：B
21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案：A
22. This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案：C
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题 要求从所给的`4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题 要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
第一篇Climate Change : The Long Reach
1 . Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There ‘s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估) .Earth’s future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time .
2 . People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas . In the air , this gas traps heat at Earth’s surface . And the more carbon dioxide released , the more the planet warms . If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn’t slow , the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.
3. Most climate-change studies look at what’s going to happen in the next century or so . During that time, changes in the planet’s environment could nudge(推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach-- and warm –the exposed ground . This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a ‘fast feedback’.
4. Zeebe says it’s important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they’ re limited. From a climate change perspective, ‘This century is the most important time for the next few generations’, he told Science News “But the world is not ending in 2100”. For his new study. Zeebe how focuses on “slow feedbacks”. While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life --- as they relocate to more comfortable areas --- are two examples of slow feedbacks.
5. Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃ -- for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.
23. Paragraph 2 ________ 答案：B
24. Paragraph 3 ________ 答案：C
25. Paragraph 4 ________ 答案：F
26. Paragraph 5 ________ 答案：A
A. A prediction of future climate change
B. Impact of burning fossil fuels
C. Fast feedbacks
D. Unpredictability of feedback processes
E. Rising of sea levels
F. Slow feedbacks
27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _______ 答案：F
28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach ________ 答案：E
29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ________ 答案：D
30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for ________ 答案：B
A. rapid exaggeration of impacts
B. a very long time
C. the extra heat
D. previously published studies
E. the exposed ground
F. recorded history
第二篇 The Mir Space Station
The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.
The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.
The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.
A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and earned scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.
Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.
Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir’s reputation as a space station was ruined.
Mir’s setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it’s time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.
36. We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space Station
A. was designed to last over 5 years.
B. played host to 7 astronauts from different countries.
C. was visited only by Americans.
D. was built by Russians.
答案：D
37. One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that, it
A. help astronauts get close to Mars.
B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment.
C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.
D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive.
答案：C
38. What happened to Mir in 1997?
A. it ran out its fund.
B. it was completely damaged by fire.
C. its reputation was ruined due to power failures.
D. its main computer system broke out.
答案：D
39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A. space exploration will not experience setbacks.
B. it is difficult for other space stations exceed Mir’s success.
C. Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history.
D. multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments.
答案：D
40. What is the author’s attitude toward Mir?
A. indifferent.
B. ironic.
C. favorable.
D. negative
答案：C
第三篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .
41. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. How to understand intelligence.
B. The importance of intelligence.
C. The development of intelligence tests.
D. How to become intelligent.
答案：A
42. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?
A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.
B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.
C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.
答案：B
43. Gardner believes that ________.
A. children have different intelligences.
B. all children are alike.
C. children should take one intelligence test.
D. there is no general intelligence.
答案：A
44. According to Gardner, schools should ________.
A. test students’ IQs.
B. train students who do poorly on tests.
C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.
D. promote development of all intelligences.
答案：D
45. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .
A. musical foundation.
B. biological foundation.
C. intrapersonal foundation.
D. linguistic foundation.
答案：B
第四部分：补全短文
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Day a Language Died
When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.________ (46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can cause the world’s ecology(生态).However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increases. As well,_________ (47) When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.
Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _________ (48) In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue._________ (49). The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.
What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears? When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder，must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species.________ (50)
A .As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increase.
B .However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.
C .Papus New Guines is an extremely rich source of different language，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction(灭绝).
D .For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
E .Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.
F .These languages don’t have many native speakers.
答案：E A F B D
第五部分：完形填空
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
Underground Coal Fires
Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large scale ______ (51) blazes (火焰) cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can ______ (52) ignite (点燃) forest fires, a group of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver . The resulting ______ (53) of poisonous elements like mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.
“Coal fires are a global disaster,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia Collage in Swainsboro, USA. But ______ (54) few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to ______ (55) and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous (自发的) catching fire and burning . This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. ______ (56) fires in China consume up to 200 million tons of coal per year, delegates were told. In ______ (57), the U.S economy consumes about one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, ______ (58) analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Joomal of Acoal Ecology. ______ (59) underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large ______ (60) of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussed the ______ (61) these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to ______ (62).
Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to ______ (63) how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting (释放) 。 One suggested ______ (64) of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (灌浆)，which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to ______ (65) the oxygen supply.
51. A. house B. underground C. sky D. water
52. A. only B. even C. just D. then
53. A. release B. paste C. consumption D. elimination
54. A. happily B. traditionally C. surprisingly D. fashionably
55. A. exchange B. regenerate C. disappear D. transfer
56. A. Most B. Such C. Some D. Many
57. A. comparison B. case C. time D. turn
58. A. which B. who C. whose D. what
59. A. Yet B. Unless C. Although D. Once
60. A. data B. volumes C. figures D. images
61. A. attack B. impact C. identification D. implication
62. A. develop B. relieve C. detect D. supply
63. A. estimate B. experiment C. gather D. illustrate
64. A. cause B. method C. treatment D. rule
65. A. take up B. back up C. run out D. cut off
答案：
51-55：BBACC
56-60：BACDB
61-65：BCABD
职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(word版) 2
词汇选项
1.I have been trying to quit smoking.
A.give up
B.pick up
C.build up
D.take up
2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.
A.moved
B.touched
C.surprised
D.worried
3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.
A.question
B.problem
C.title
D.topic
4.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.
A.particular
B.characteristic
C.remarkable
D.idiomatic
5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the jo
B.
A.simply
B.almost
C.totally
D.completely
6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.
A.stem
B.rely
C.develop
D.grow
7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.
A.easy
B.possible
C.likely
D.difficult
8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.
A.possibility
B.necessity
C.ability
D.probability
9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.
A.beautiful
B.stretching
C.spreading
D.rolling
10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.
A.loads
B.layers
C.pyramids
D.piles
11.The news will horrify everyone.
A.attract
B.terrify
C.tempt
D.excite
12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.
A.described
B.offered
C.outlined
D.presented
13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.
A.bear
B.receive
C.admit
D.take
14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.
A.barely
B.scarcely
C.hardly
D.totally
15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.
A.advised
B.caused
C.forced
D.promised
阅读判断
Taking Pictures of the World
Meet Annie Griffiths Belt,a National Geographic photographer.Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978,and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world.In fact,Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn’t seen yet.
Belt’s photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality.They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world.Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra,Jordan,as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England.Recently,her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.
Everywhere that Belt goes,she takes pictures of people.Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language.“The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people’s lives,” she has said: “the camera is like a passport,and I am often overwhelmed by how quickly people welcome me!”
Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer,but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people.When people speak the same language,greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other.When people don’t speak the same language,a smile is very helpful.Having something in common can also help break the ice.For example,Belt has traveled with her two children,so when she takes pictures of children or their parents,they all have that family connection in common.Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.
Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography.You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that can’t afford to hire a professional photographer.You can also take a good,honest look at your best photographs.If you’re a real photographer,your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills.Belt also recommends studying and learning form photos taken by professional photographers.
Remember,the next time you look at a beautiful photograph,you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt.And the next time you meet a new person,don’t be afraid to break the ice.The connection you make could be very rewarding.
练习：
1.Belt has never traveled to England.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2.Belt has never traveled to Antarctica.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3.Belt has worked for a number of magazines.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4.Petra is a very old city in Jordan.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5.Belt can only connect with English-speakers.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6.People can connect with each other in bad weather.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7.Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
概括大意与完成句子
Keeping Cut Flowers
1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house,few people know how to keep them for as long as possible.This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.
2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature.For example,studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12oC than when kept at 260c.Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.
3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long.Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects,such as bees,for pollination (授粉).After that,they quickly dry up and die.The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳),called respiration (呼吸),generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour.The making of seeds also depends on this energy.While all living things respire,flowers have a high level of respiration.A result of all this respiration is heat,and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high.Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower.Thus the greater the level of respiration,the sooner the flower dies.
4 How,then,to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration.How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature.We know that respiration produces heat,but the reverse is also true.Thus by maintaining low temperatures,respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.
5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed.Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted.Even when water looks and smells clean,it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers.To rid the water of these unwanted substances,household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities.It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water.The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
23 Paragraph 2 _____
24 Paragraph 3 _____
25 Paragraph 4 _____
26 Paragraph 5 _____
A.Control of Respiration
B.Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers
C.Role of Respiration
D.Most Important Aspect of Flower Care
E.Need for Clean Water
F.Ways of Stopping Respiration
27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_______________
28 Respiration plays a key role________________
29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down_________________
30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ____________________
A.by keeping its original shape and colour
B.in the life of the cut flower
C.to produce carbon dioxide
D.for as long as possible
E.by controlling temperature
F.to replace the water and solution every day
阅读理解
第一篇
Telling Tales about People
One of the most common types of nonfiction,and one that many people enjoy reading,is stories about peoples lives.These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography,memoir,and biography.
An autobiography is the story of a persons life written by himself or herself.Often it begins with the persons earliest recollections and ends in the present.Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves.However,they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way.People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies.1Other writers,such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives.These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.
Memoirs,strictly speaking,are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author.2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives.They describe them in detail and discuss their importance.Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography.A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.
Biographies are factual accounts of someone elses life.In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write.Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them.But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible.Then they have to decide which facts to include.Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical.A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.
练习：
1.This passage is mostly about A .
A.the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies
B.famous autobiographies
C.why biography can be difficult to write
D.differences between autobiographies and memoirs
2.Helen Keller wrote B .
A.a memoir B.an autobiography
C.a work of fiction D.a biography
3.Autobiography writers are not always objective because they C .
A.feel they have to make up details to make their books sell
B.constantly compete with biography writers
C.want to present themselves in a good light
D.have trouble remembering the good times
4.The writer introduces each category in the passage by A .
A.defining it B.giving an example
C.explaining why it is hard to write
D.telling when people first began writing it
5.Diverse means C .
A.able to swim in deep water B.similar or alike
C.varied or different D.enjoying poetry
第二篇
Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference
Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon,fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky.When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care,you might call the idea crazy.
Most student leaders dont want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about,said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner.He was the Dance Marathons operations officer for two years.
Yvonne Fangmeyer,director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin,conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations.She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.
At large universities like Fangmeyers,which has more than 40,000 students,the students first of all want to find a way to ,belong in their own comer of campus".
Katie Rowley,a Wisconsin senior,confirms the surveys findings."I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends."
All of this talk of friendship,however,does not mean that students arent thinking about their resumes."I think that a lot of people do join to fatten up their resume," said Heitner."At the beginning of my college career,I joined a few of these organizations,hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."
But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come.For example,in April,several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty.Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements,moving the event because of rainy weather,and dealing with the universitys complicated bureaucracy.
"Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.
练习：
1.An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders D .
A) are lazy B) are stupid
C) are not rich enough D) will not take an interest in it
2.American students join campus organizations mostly for C .
A) making a difference B) gaining experience
C) building friendship D) improving their resumes
3.Who is Katie Rowley? B .
A) She’s a senior professor B) She’s a senior student
C) She’s a senior official D) She’s a senior citizen
4.What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?A
A) Passion B) Money C) Power D) Fame
5.The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by C .
A) invent B) rewrite C) polish D) complete
第三篇
Shark attack!
Craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard,scanning the distance for his next wave,when his board suddenly stopped moving.he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.” I could have touched its eye with my elbow,” says craig.The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn’t heard a thing.
In his horror and confusion,he waved his arms and accidentally cut tow of his fingers on the shark’s teeth.He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water.Then,with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers,the five-meter-long shark simply swam away,disappearing into the water below.
Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as then can,this is factually inaccurate.Sharks very rarely kill humans,Aperson has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark.Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century.But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more.With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows,they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water.Why is it,then,that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.
The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well.It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet.There is reason to doubt this,however.Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well.Also,when accacking seals,great whites shoop up to the surface and bite with great force.When approaching humans,however,they most often move in slowly and bite less hard.They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal.” They spit us out because we’re too bony,” says Aidan Martin,director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.
Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things.It’s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat,but also to gather information,Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers,when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people,they are likely just trying to learn what they are.
练习：
1.After Craig Rogers fell into the water,the shark C .
A) bit his surfboard B) bit his fingers
C) swam away D) attacked him
2.It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites A .
A) often let humans escape B) kill humans
C) have so many teeth D) grow to six meters or more
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4? B
A) create B) are C) increase D) depend upon
4.The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means B .
A) people’s B) great whites’ C) sea lions’ D) seals’
5.What is the main idea of the forth paragraph? C
A) Great whites eat low-fat,bony meals more slowly.
B) Great whites see well enough to include seals,sea lions,and humans in their diet
C) We now know great whites don’t mistake humans for other animals.
D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.
补全短文
Comparative Labor Costs
___(46)___.Together,they constitute the unit labor cost involved in producing a commodity.
Some countries may find that the labor wages are very low,yet they are not in a competitive position when trading
with other countries,whose labor wages are very high.
___(47)___.On the other hand,some countries find that their productivity is much higher than that of their trading partners,yet they are not in a competitive trading position either.This is because their labor wages are muchhigher than those of their trading partners.___(48)___.For instance,wages are low in most developing countries.
____(49)_____.Their productivity is low too.Success depends on the unit labor cost of the products in certain industries,such as radio production and television set assembling,unit labor cost may be low and thus they would be in a competitive position,while in others,low labor wages are offset by very low productivity.Their unit labor cost is high and they are in an unfavorable position in trading with other countries.
Unit labor cost is an important determinant of prices of manufactured goods,but other costs also influence prices: notably,those of capital,energy and raw materials.___(50)___.
A.Moreover,a countrys competitive position is not solely determined by price salesmanship.Credit terms,adherence to delivery schedules and so on also affect competitiveness.
B.At least two factors determine a countrys comparative position: labor productivity and wage level.
C.So it is the unit labor cost that determines the competitive position,but only low wages or only high productivity.
D.This may be because they neglect their low productivity.
E.Does this mean that these countries are in a favorable position in trade? It is not necessarily so.
F.Generally speaking,all the countries are paying more and more attention to their wage levels.
完形填空题
A Life with Birds
For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of Londons Yeoman Warders,(1) better known to tourists as beefeaters.David,64,lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the (2) top of the Byward Tower,one of the gatehouses.“(3) From our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames.” says David.
The Tower of London is famous (4) for its ravens,the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries.David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was (5) offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no (6) hesitation in accepting it."The birds have now become my life and Im always (7) aware of the fact that I am (8) maintaining a tradition.The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower,England will fall to enemies,and its my job to (9) make sure this doesnt happen!"
David (10) devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens.He has grown to love them and the (11) fact that he lives right next to them is ideal.“I can (12) keep a close eye on them all the time,and not just when Im working.” (13) At first,Davids wife Mo was not (14) keen on the idea of life in the Tower,but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year.“When we look out of our windows,we see history (15) all around us,and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories.”
练习：
1.A.more B.better C.sooner D.very
2.A.height B.summit C.peak D.top
3.A.Since B.Out C.From D.Through
4.A.for B.because C.of D.by
5.A.award B.applied C.presented D.offered
6.A.regret B.delay C.hesitation D.choice
7.A.aware B.knowing C.pleased D.delighted
8.A.holding B.maintaining C.surviving D.lasting
9.A.take B.make C.have D.keep
10.A.devotes B.spends C.passes D.provides
11.A.reason B.chance C.opportunity D.fact
12.A.hold B.have C.keep D.put
13.A.Firstly B.First of all C.At first D.First
14.A.interested B.keen C.fond D.happy
15.A.every B.all C.much D.so
参考答案：
词汇选项：1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.A
阅读判断：BACABAA
概括大意与完成句子：DCAE DBEF
阅读理解：BCAB DCBAC CABBC
补全短文： BDCEA
完形填空题：BDCAD CABBA DCCBB
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