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2013职称英语卫生类B试题解析（6）
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When a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be (5l)them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep ( 52) with their child , providing a bed or so fa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this (53)was not only frowned upon-it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were (54) when their parents left , and so there was a blanket ban.
A concemed nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study " Nurse! I want my mummy"published in 1974 , ( 55) the face of paediatric nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of (56)like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamela's study was done against the (57) of a lively debate in paediatrics and psy-chology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in (58) . "
. "The idea was that if mum came to (59)a small child in hospital the child would beupset and inconsolable for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at (60) the child stayed in a rela tively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope (61) mum was eve coming back. "
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no-one should visit."
"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be (62) to visit."
"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, saidher (63) had been seminal. "
"Her research put an end to the (64) when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "
" As a result of her work, parents and carers are now recognised as partners m care and are af forded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, (65) has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care. "
51. A. with B. over C. upon D. for
52. A. soundly B. overtime C. fortnight D. overnight
53. A. order B. thought C. exercise D. practice
54. A. hungry B. upset C. surprised . D. happy
55. A. changed B. examined C. covered D. cleaned
56. A. parents B. nurses C. doctors D. teachers
57. A. field B. background C. circles D. history
58. A. hospital B. family C. group D. school
59. A. worry B. control C. visit D. take
60. A. all B. large C. will D. it
61. A. useless B. that C. because D. whether
62. A. forced B. guided C. persuaded D. allowed
63. A. work B. condition C. doubt D. dream
64. A. months B. weeks C. days D. hours
65. A. which B. this C. what D. thus
解析:
51.A[解析]孩子住院了，父母的第一反应肯定是要和孩子在一起。"to be with somebody"表示"和谁在一起"。
52.D[解析]给父母在病房里提供床或沙发，是让他们和孩子一起过夜。ovemight：整夜地，意思符合题意。
53.D [解析]此处应指允许父母在医院里陪孩子这种做法(practice)。
54.B[解析]医院担心父母一离开，孩子会十分不安(upset)，所以干脆不让父母和孩子见面。
55.A [解析]Pamela的研究使儿科护理的面貌发生了改变(change)。
56.B [解析]前面提到Pamela是一位护士(nurse)。
57.B[解析]英语里表示"在什么背景下"用"against the background of"这一搭配。
58.A[解析]此处显然指允许父母到医院探望孩子的时间。
59.C[解析]前面已经提到去医院探望(visit)孩子。
60.A[解析]本句意思是，如果父母干脆就不来医院探望孩子会发生的情况。not at all: 一点也不。
61.B[解析]that引导同位语从句，修饰并说明hope的具体内容。
62.D [解析]be allowed to do sth：被允许做某事。孩子们独自一人闷闷不乐，因此应该允许父母亲来探视。
63.A[解析]该篇文章的主题就是护士Parmela的工作(work)所产生的重大影响。
64.C [解析]"the days"表示"时代"。
65.A [解析]which引导定语从句，修饰前面提到的整件事情。
参考译文
护士，我要妈妈
小孩子生病住院时，家长的第一反应是陪在他们身边。
现在大多数医院都在病房内提供床或沙发，允许父母陪孩子过夜。
但直到20世纪70年代，这个习惯不仅遭至不满，而且还被积极阻止。工作人员担心父母一离开，孩子们会烦躁不安，因此就设置了全面禁令。
一位有心的护士，帕梅拉·霍桑，不同意此种做法，她的研究《护士，我要妈妈》发表于1974年，改变了儿科护理的面貌。
索尔福德大学护理专业的教授马丁·约翰逊说，像帕梅拉这样的护士的工作改变了病人护理的面貌。
"帕梅拉的研究是在儿科学和心理学的激烈论辩的背景下完成的，这一论辩是关于女性应该与孩子在医院久的世界待在一起的程度以及在何种程度上允许她们探望住院的孩子。"
"一般的想法是如果母亲来到医院探望小孩，小孩就会烦躁不安，几个小时内无法安抚。"
"但这个护士却注意到，如果母亲完全不来探望，孩子会处于一种相对稳定的状态，但他们可能会感到沮丧。"
"当然我们现在知道了他们当时几乎放弃了母亲再度回来的希望。"
"为了避免小小的痛苦，他们说谁也不应该来探望。"
"但是孩子们那时是孤单沮丧的，所以霍桑说应该允许父母探望孩子。"
英国皇家护理学院的执行董事长和秘书长皮特·卡特博士说帕梅拉的工作有着开创性的意义。
"她的研究使得父母在医院病房门口将自己的孩子交到陌生人手上的日子一去不复返了。"
"结果，现在家长和护工被视为护理方面的搭档，家长还获得了与住院的孩子待在一起的机会，这就显著地改善了家长和孩子的护理体验。"
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