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2016年职称英语考试《理工类》模拟题
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 A small number of firms have stopped trading.
A.hotels
B.shops
C.restaurants
D.companies
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：一小部分公司已经停止交易。firm“公司”，四个选项：hotel“宾馆”;shop“商店”：restaurant“饭店”;company“公司”。
2 That guy is really witty.
A.ugly
B.smart
C.honorable
D.popular
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：那个家伙确实聪慧。witty“聪明的，智慧的”，四个选项：ugly“丑陋的”;smart“聪明的”;honorable“可敬的，光荣的”;popular“流行的”。
3 Michael is now merely a good friend.
A.largely
B.possibly
C.just
D.rarely
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：现在Michael仅仅是一名好朋友。merely“仅仅”，四个选项：largely“在很大程度上，主要地”;possibly“也许，或许”;just“刚刚，只是，仅仅”;rarely“很少，难得”。
4 It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.
A.very
B.completely
C.usually
D.mostly
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：她将通过考试，这似乎不大可能。highly“极，非常”，四个选项：very“非常”;completely“完全地”;usually“通常地”;mostly“大部分，主要地”。
5 My father is a physician.
A.researcher
B.professor
C.doctor
D.student
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：我的父亲是一名内科大夫。Physician“内科大夫”，四个选项：researcher“研究者”;professor“教授”;doctor“大夫”;student“学生”。
6 The ice is not thick enough to bear the weigh of a tank.
A.suffer
B.accept
C.receive
D.endure
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：冰的厚度不足以承载坦克的重量。bear“承受”，四个选项：suffer“遭受”;accept“接受”;receive“收到”;endure“承受，忍受”。
7 It took US. a long time to mend the house.
A.build
B.destroy
C.design
D.repair
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：修理这个房屋花了我们很长时间。mend“修理”，四个选项：build“建造，建设”;destroy“破坏”;design“设计”;repair“修理”。
8 We are certain that he will get over his illness.
A.sure
B.happy
C.surprised
D.excited
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：我们确定他将会克服疾病。certain“肯定的，确定的”，四个选项：sure“肯定的”;happy“高兴的”;surprised“吃惊的”;excited“兴奋的”。
9 Did anyone call me when I was out?
A.invite
B.name
C.answer
D.phone
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：我出去时有人给我打电话吗?call“打电话”，四个选项：invite“邀请”;name“命名”;answer“回答”;phone“打电话(给某人)”。
10 I don't quite follow what she is saying
A.believe
B.understand
C.explain
D.accept
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：我不太理解她说的内容。follow“理解”，四个选项：believe“相信”：understand“懂，理解”;explain“解释”;accept“接受”。
11 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.
A.dramatic
B.reasonable
C.humiliating
D.horrifying
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：世界冠军遭遇惨败，这结果令人震惊。sensational“引起轰动的;引起众人注意的”，四个选项：dramatic“戏剧性的;令人印象深刻的”;reasonable“合理的”;humiliating“羞辱 的”;horrifying“恐怖的”。
12 It is obvious that he will win the game.
A.likely
B.possible
C.clear
D.unwilling
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：很明显，他将赢得比赛。obvious“显而易见的”，四个选项：likely“可能的”;possible“有可能的”;clear“清楚的”;unwilling“不愿意的”。
13 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.
A.praises
B.writes
C.describes
D.Imitates
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：这首诗描绘了南方小城美丽的自然景色。depict“描绘”，四个选项：praise“表扬，称赞”;writes“写”;describes“叙述，描写”;imitates“模仿”。
14 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the joB.A.prepared
B.trained
C.guided
D.qualified
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：似乎只有玛丽适合这份工作。eligible“有资格的，合格的”，四个选项：prepared“准备好的”;trained“被训练”;guided“被引导”;qualified“合格的，胜任的”。
15 Their parents once lived under very severe conditions.
A.sound
B.hard
C.strict
D.tight
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：他们的父母曾生活在非常艰难的环境中。severe“辛苦的，艰难的”，四个选项：sound“完好的，明智的，正确的”;hard“艰难的”;strict“严格的”;tight“紧密的，紧凑的”。
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
回答题:
Green Roof Research
The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent( 流行 ) in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.
The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as "extensive" and "intensive" systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs, which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of substrate ( 土层 ) that can be as shallow as 1.5 inches, and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs ( 灌木 ) and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.
There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic (美学的 ) benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are: a reduction in the consumption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation ( 缓解) of the heat island effect in urban areas.
The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the methods of propagation ( 繁殖 ) as well as establishment, nutrient (养料 ) and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold and heat; tolerance of drought conditions; capacity of persistence and survival.
A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.
Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.
16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】题意为：据估计，德国10%的屋顶都进行了绿化。本文第一段提到德国在“绿色屋顶”的研究及应用方面处于领先地位，但并没有具体说有10%的屋顶进行了绿化。
17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】题意为：相比于“密集型”屋顶绿化，德国人更偏爱“粗放型”绿化模式。本文第二段解释了“extensive green roof”和“intensive green roof”的含义，但并没有提到德国人更偏爱extensive green roof。
18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】题意为：“密集型”屋顶绿化广泛种植着诸如香草这样的小植被。从第二段“extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs”可知，种植青草的应该是“粗放型”模式，所以本句错误。
19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】题意为：“绿色屋顶”是城市扩大绿化面积的有效生态手段，第三段列举了“绿色屋顶’'的各项生态及经济益处，所以本句正确。
20 One of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】题意为：“绿色屋顶”的其中一个优点是可以缓解城市热岛效应。由本文第三段末“the mitigation(缓解)of the heat island effect in urban areas”可知，本句正确。
21 One focus in the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】题意为：“绿色屋顶”研究的其中一个重点是选择适宜屋顶绿化的植物品种。第四段首句“The green roof research…is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs”可知，本句正确。
22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment, its potential market is rather small.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】题意为：尽管“绿色屋顶”技术能带来花园般的美丽环境，它的潜在市场很小。有本文最后一段可知，“绿色屋顶”市场潜力巨大，所以本句错误。
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
回答题：
The Supercomputer Network
1. Recently ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can "talk" to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously.
2. The Internet is an interconnected ( 互联 ) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the lnternet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download ( 下载 ) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.
3. The new development in information technology has been called "the grid" (网络技术), and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access
information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.
4. One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.
5. The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.
6. At present, possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on "grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.
23 Paragraph 2__________
A.How does the "grid" work?
B.Power shared
C.Just make a request
D.Limitations of present Internet use
E.Distance is not a problem
F.A new era for the Internet
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】第二段说在传统互联网里，信息传输速度、存储容量大小取决于个人电脑的性能。与未来的网格技术相比，这是传统互联网的缺点，故选D.Limitations ofpresent Internet usE.
24 Paragraph 3__________
A.How does the "grid" work?
B.Power shared
C.Just make a request
D.Limitations of present Internet use
E.Distance is not a problem
F.A new era for the Internet
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】第三段主要介绍了网格技术的原理：网格技术是将你的电脑与其他电脑连接起来，只要接入网格，就能应用网格中最强大的电脑，突破个人计算机的性能局限。词题的干扰项为B.Power shared(分享性能)，其实文章后面几段都是在说网格技术的这一优点，但由于题目要求是为第三段选择标题，B选项过于宽泛，A最能概括这一段的主旨。故选A。
25 Paragraph 4__________
A.How does the "grid" work?
B.Power shared
C.Just make a request
D.Limitations of present Internet use
E.Distance is not a problem
F.A new era for the Internet
参考答案：E
参考解析：
【解析】第四段说网格技术可以打破地域界限，自动选择全球最合适的计算机完成特定的任务，显然E最合适。故选E。
26 Paragraph 5__________
A.How does the "grid" work?
B.Power shared
C.Just make a request
D.Limitations of present Internet use
E.Distance is not a problem
F.A new era for the Internet
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】第五段讲网格能成为我们的私人助手。只要给网格下任务，网格就能通过联网的计算机自动寻找解决方案。C.“just make a request”即表达了这一意思。故选C。
27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access__________
A.the bigger computer stations
B.the advantage
C.ten years
D.information
E.your personal assistant
F.fifteen years
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】题意为：电脑的性能取决于电脑获取的能力。从文章第二段可知，此处应填“信息”，故选D。
28 The "grid" will enable you to get on your computer the power of __________in the world.
A.the bigger computer stations
B.the advantage
C.ten years
D.information
E.your personal assistant
F.fifteen years
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】根据第三段最后一句while you access information，you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations可知，此处应填the bigger computer stations，故选A。
29 The "grid" would be like __________ , who can perform your tasks efficiently.
A.the bigger computer stations
B.the advantage
C.ten years
D.information
E.your personal assistant
F.fifteen years
参考答案：E
参考解析：
【解析】根据第五段第一句话The“grid”can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant可知，此处应填your personal assistant，故选E。
30 It is believed that the widespread use of the "grid" will become possible in the next__________
A.the bigger computer stations
B.the advantage
C.ten years
D.information
E.your personal assistant
F.fifteen years
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】根据第六段最后一句话Scientists working on“grid”projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years可知，应是未来十年。故选C。
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
根据以下材料回答题：
Genetically Modified Foods
If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, healthy, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long grain traditions-and vocal green lobbies--the idea seems against nature.
In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of out lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U.S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U.S. this year. The genetic genie ( 妖怪 ) is out of the bottle.
Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The U. N. estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating. About 400 million women of child-bearing age are iron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.
How can biotech help? Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene-which the body converts into vitamin A and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.
31
What's the passage mainly about?
A.The world's food problems.
B.The new advancement in biotech.
C.The characteristics of genetically modified foods.
D.How biotech can help solve the world's food problems.
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】第一段第一句话就提到转基因食品是引起人们争论的热门话题，紧接着说明人们争论的原因、转基因食品的现状、转基因食品带给人们的益处。选项A，B和D虽与文章内容有关，但都没有突出转基因食品这一中心。
32 According to the passage, genetically modified foods__________
A.are superior to naturally grown foods
B.might prove to be risky to human health
C.are going to replace naturally grown foods
D.can solve the food problems in developing countries
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】文章中根本没有就“genetically modified foods”和“naturally grown foods”做比较，也没有说“genetically modified foods”将取代“naturally grown foods”，因此A、C项错。根据文章第一段第二句话，转基因、高技术含量的农作物生产向人们提出了各种各样的有关于环境、健康、安全及伦理(违反自然规律)问题，以及第三段最后一句话：生物技术带来的益处是否超过其所带来的风险?由此可推断转基因食品也许会对人们的健康有害，B正确。D错在于文中并没有说转基因食品能帮助解决发展中国家人们的粮食短缺及营养不良问题。
33 The sentence "The genetic genie is out of the bottle." in Para. 2 probably means__________
A.the genetic genie, the key technology in producing genetically modified foods, is out in the market
B.the genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets
C.genetically modified foods are available everywhere
D.technology with which to produce genetically modified foods may have powers unpredictable or uncontrollable by man
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】语义推断题。第一段开门见山地指出转基因食品的潜在问题，第二段说明转基因食品已成为我们生活的一部分，介绍了转基因农作物在美国生产的现状，而第三段第一句话又提出：仍有一些问题需要解决。因此可推断此句是指基因技术的负面作用，D正确。此句借助于童话《渔夫与妖怪》的故事。
34 According to the passage, biotech can help solve the problem by__________
A.producing foods that contain more nutrients needed by human beings
B.creating more varieties of foods
C.producing beta-carotene and vitamin A more efficiently
D.producing anti-virus crops
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】根据最后一段，生物技术的作用在于：一是加强农作物营养含量，二是提高农业生产率，所以A项符合题意。
35 The author's attitude toward genetically modified foods is__________
A.enthusiastic
B.cautious
C.disapproving
D.optimistic
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】作者态度题。文章一开始就指出转基因食品引发了各种各样的问题，也提到了其带给人们的益处，即有利有弊，可见作者对待转基因食品的态度是非常慎重的(cautious)，既没有十分热心(enthusiastic)、乐观(optimistic)，也没有反对(disapproving)。
根据以下材料回答题：
The Emic and Etic Approaches
Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.
In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the eric approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that
the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.
How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard to whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study, the researchers may decide to adopt an eric approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that
the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a more different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle class White families cannot always be generalized to all
ethnic groups.
36
According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to__________
A.be overcautious in constructing meaningful measures
B.view them from their own cultural perspective
C.guard against interference from their own culture
D.accept readily what is alien to their own culture
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】第一段的第一句里作者指出：对研究对象的文化和种族不熟悉的研究人员必须格外谨慎，研究中不要带有从本国文化出发的任何偏见。根据题意，B项的意思表达了作者的这种担心。
37 What does the author say about the emic approach and the eric approach?
A.They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.
B.The former is biased while the latter is objective.
C.The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.
D.They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】第二段分别具体地介绍并区分了“the emic approach”和“the etic approach”两种方法为不同的研究项目服务。显然A项所表达的意思最能概括第二段的核心内容。
38 The etic approach is concerned with__________
A.the general characteristics of minority families
B.culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups
C.features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups
D.the economic conditions of different types of families
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】第二段第三句和最后一句清楚地表明了“the eric approach”为什么样的研究目的服务。因此，C项为答案。
39 Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more__________
A.culturally interactive
B.culture-oriented
C.culturally biased
D.culture-specific
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】第二段和第三段分别举例说明了“the emic approach”和“the etic approach”这两种研究方法的不同之处，读者能较为容易地做出正确判断。
40 Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U. S. according to the passage?
A.Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.
B.Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.
C.They don't interact with each other so much as White families.
D.They have closer family ties than White families.
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】见倒数第二句。句中的the extended family描述了ethnic minority families的特点。
根据以下材料回答题：
The Development of Personality
Personality is to large extent inherent. A-type parents usually bring A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up ( 浸泡 ) A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: Remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying, "Rejoice, We conquer!"
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively
harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to hide possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively form A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
41
In line 2, Para. 2 the word "institution" refers to__________
A.establishment
B.social custom
C.law
D.school
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】在第二段第一句中，which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰school，因此说school is a highly competitive institution.选项D正确。
42 According to the passage, A-type individuals are in most cases__________
A.impatient
B.considerate
C.aggressive
D.agreeable
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】根据第二段第三句：在竞争方面，A性格的人优于B性格的人……。A错在于文中没有提到有关耐心的问题;B、D选项的内容与原文内容正相反。
43 The author strongly objects to the practice of examination at schools because__________
A.the pressure is too great on the students
B.some students are bound to fail
C.failure rates are too high
D.the results of examinations are doubtful
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】根据文章第三段第三句=¨.competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful(在失败方面的竞争是有百害而无一利的)。A、D都是无关选项;C过于片面。
44 The selection of medical professionals is currently based on__________
A.candidates' sensitivity
B.academic achievements
C.competitive spirit
D.surer values
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】根据第五段第二句：句首用perhaps…could be made，说明by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy还只是一种期望，现在还用by good grades。by good grades与academic achievement同义。
45 From the passage, we can draw the conclusion that__________
A.the personality of a child is well established at birth
B.family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics
C.the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors
D.B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】文章告诉读者：个性的发展不单由遗传决定。根据第一段第二句可知A、B错误;文章的目的在于强调B性格的人也应受到鼓励和重视，D错误。
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
回答题：
American Dreams
There is a common response to America among foreign writers: the U.S. is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliche ( 陈词滥调 ).
In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. 46 No class system or government stands in the way.
Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.
The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. 47
Over the past 25 years the median U.S. family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 percent, however, it has gone up 200 percent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. 48
Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969. 49 This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 percent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 percent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world.
Yet the tax burden on America's rich is falling, not growing. 50 There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.
A.Nobody is poor in the U.S..
B.The top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.
C.For upper class families they have risen 41 percent.
D.Now it is 9.8 times.
E.As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.
F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.
46 第46题应选_____
A.Nobody is poor in the U.S..
B.The top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.
C.For upper class families they have risen 41 percent.
D.Now it is 9.8 times.
E.As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.
F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.
第46题应选_____
参考答案：F
参考解析：
【解析】空格前讲到人们不应该对巨大的贫富差距感到吃惊，美国梦让每个人找到了出路，在给出的选项中，只有选项F“一个人必须做的就是努力工作，爬向梯子的最上面”符合文意要求。
47 第47题应选_____
查看材料
参考答案：E
参考解析：
【解析】空格前讲到贫富差距越来越大，后面应该讲到差距大的后果，结合给出的选项，只有选项E“正如它所显示的，消除差距的可能性变得越来越小”符合题意。
48 第48题应选_____
查看材料
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】空格前讲到25年前，美国人前五位的平均收入是后五位的6.7倍，后面应该讲到现如今的情况，根据剩余选项可知，只有选项D“现在是9.8倍”符合题意。
49 第49题应选_____
查看材料
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】空格前讲到在加州，下层社会家庭的收入自1969年以来已经下降了4%，下面应该讲解其对立面，所以选C“上层社会家庭的收入已经提高了41%”。
50 第50题应选_____
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】空格前讲到美国富人的税收压力正在下降，而不是上升，根据剩余的两个选项，只有选项B符合文意要求。
下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定l个最佳选项。
回答题:
Male-Female Expectation about Marriage
The differences between men and women clarify why they have different expectations about communication in marriage. For women, talk 51 intimacy. Marriage is an orgy (狂欢 ) of 52 : you can tell your feelings and thoughts, and still be loved. Women's greatest fear is being pushed away. But men live in a hierarchical world, 53 talk maintains independence and statue. They are on 54 to protect themselves from being put down and pushed around.
This 55 the paradox of the talkative man who said of his silent wife, "She's the talker." In public settings, he feels challenged to 56 his intelligence and display his understanding. But at home, where he has 57 to prove and no one to defend against, he is free to remain 58 . For his wife, being home means she is free from the worry that something she says might 59 someone, or spark disagreement, or appear to be showing off ; at home she is 60 to talk.
The communication 61 that endanger marriage can't be fixed by mechanical engineering. They require a new conceptual framework about the 62 of talk in human relationships. Many of the psychological explanations may not be 63 , because they tend to blame either women (for not being assertive enough). 64 men (for not being in touch with their feelings). A sociolinguistic approach in 65 male-female conversation is seen as cross-cultural communication allows us to understand the problem and forge solutions without blaming either party.
51 第51题应选：
A.traces
B.creates
C.needs
D.senses
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：对于女人来说，交谈可以__________亲密的感觉。四个选项：trace“跟踪，追踪，发现”;create“创造，引起，产生”;need“需要”;sense“感到，认识到”。
52 第52题应选：
A.closeness
B.calmness
C.toughness
D.thoroughness
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：婚姻意味着__________达到了放纵的程度：你可以诉说你的情感和想法。四个选项：closeness“亲密，接近”;calmness“平静，冷静”;toughness“韧性”;thoroughness“完全性，彻底性”。
53 第53题应选：
A.what
B.which
C.where
D.when
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：但是男人生活在一个分等级的世界里，在这个世界里，他们谈话时仍然保持着独立性和各自的身份地位。此处为定语从句，先行词为a world，表示地点，所以用表示地点的关系词where，根据语法和句意，C项符合句意。
54 第54题应选：
A.guard
B.hand
C.duty
D.purpose
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：他们依然非常__________保护着自己，以免被羞辱或摆布。四个选项：on guard“警惕”;on hand“在手边，在场”;on duty“值班，上班”;on purpose“故意，有意”;根据词组意思和句意，A项符合句意。
55 第55题应选：
A.exposes
B.exemplifies
C.expresses
D.explains
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：正是这种区别__________ 了这个自相矛盾的现象：多话的男人说自己沉默的妻子是一个健谈的人。四个选项：expose“暴露，曝光展出”;exemplify“举例说明”;express“表达”;explain“解释”。
56 第56题应选：
A.develop
B.provide
C.conceal
D.show
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：在公共场合，男人总是觉得应该 __________ 自己的智慧，显示自己的理解力。四个选项;develop“发展，开发”;provide“提供”;conceal“隐藏”;show“显示，表现出，表露”。
57 第57题应选：
A.something
B.anything
C.nothing
D.everything
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：在家，男人__________需要证明的，也没有人需要防卫。四个选项：something“一些事情，一些东西”;anything“任何东西，任何事物”;nothing“没有东西，没有事情”;everything“每件事，一切”。
58 第58题应选：
A.active
B.silent
C.talkative
D.cooperative
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：但是在家，男人就会变得__________。四个选项：active“主动的，活跃的”;silent“沉默的，无声的”;talkative“健谈的，多嘴的”;cooperative“协作的，配合的”。
59 第59题应选：
A.abuse
B.offend
C.activate
D.interrupt
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：对于女人来说，在家意味着不用担心她说的什么话会__________某人。四个选项：abuse“滥用”;offend“冒犯，得罪”;activate“激活”;interrupt“打断”。
60 第60题应选：
A.free
B.reluctant
C.likely
D.allowed
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：女人感觉在家的说话比较__________ ，因此在家的时候就话多。四个选项：free“自由的，不受约束的”;reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”;likely“可能的，适合的”;allowed“允许”。
61 第61题应选：
A.puzzles
B.problems
C.freedom
D.shortages
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：用机械工程学的方式也不能解决这种威胁婚姻的交流__________。四个选项：puzzle“谜，难题”;problem“问题”;freedom“自由，自主”;shortage“不足，缺少”。
62 第62题应选：
A.reason
B.effect
C.role
D.origin
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：他们需要一种新的概念，来帮助理解人际关系中谈话的__________。四个选项：reason“理由”;effect“效果，作用”;role“角色，作用，任务”;origin“起源”。
63 第63题应选：
A.helpful
B.productive
C.conclusive
D.significant
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：许多心理学方面的解释可能没有__________，因为他们总是指责女人或男人。四个选项：helpful“有帮助的”;productive“多产的，富饶的”;conclusive“令人信服的，确凿的”;significant“重大的，有意义的”。
64 第64题应选：
A.not
B.and
C.nor
D.or
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：因为他们总是指责女人__________男人。此题考查“either…or…”词组的用法，表示“或者……或者……”，前面出现了either，后面当然要用or，所以正确答案是D选项。
65 第65题应选：
A.what
B.which
C.who
D.whom
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：把男性与女性之间的谈话看成一种跨文化的交流形式，正是这种社会语言学形式使我们理解了问题，在没有指责任何一方的情况下找到了解决方案。此处为定语从句，先行词是approach，关系词前有介词in，所以关系词要用which;根据语法和句意，B项符合句意。
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