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2015年职称英语考试（卫生类A）考前押题试卷（第三套）
第1部分：词汇选项(第1一15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.Medical facilities are being upgraded.
A.expanded
B.repaired
C.improved
D.transferred
2.Rock climbing is hazardous.
A.interesting
B.dangerous
C.attractive
D.useful
3.John is eligible for this job.
A.accepted
B.recommended
C.rejected
D.elected
4.In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production.
A.involve
B.decrease
C.speed up
D.give up
5.Mary looked pale and weary.
A.worried
B.ugly
C.silly
D.exhausted
6.Alice is a fascinating girl.
A.a beautiful
B.a pretty
C.an attractive
D.a pleasant
7.Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents.
A.displayed
B.shown
C.proved
D.assessed
8.The old lady let her flat to an English couple.
A.offered
B.rented
C.provided
D.sold
9.She stood there crying and trembling with fear.
A.shaking
B.staggering
C.struggling
D.murmuring
10.They strolled around the lake for an hour or so.
A.ran
B.rolled
C.walked
D.raced
11.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.
A sign
B.substitute
C.proof
D.target
12.However bad the situation is，the majority is unwilling to risk change.
A.reluctant
B.eager
C.pleased
D.angry
13. It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.
A.limit
B.control
C.replace
D.offset
14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.
A.deny
B.investigate
C.stress
D.create
15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A.gradually
B.suddenly
C.excessively
D.exceptionally
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory ; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players in each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse-racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
16. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17. Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题l分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Earth Angels
1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina.When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean with the help of others. Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice.cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris ( 残片 ).
2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado. have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife.Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there.They also made decisions about among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.
3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water - a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land.The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue.Now, the "Don't Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites -tanks that hold up to 460 gallons -where people in the community can dispose of their oil.
4. Five years ago. 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it. " Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores (零工 ), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.
23. Paragraph 1________.
24. Paragraph 2________.
25. Paragraph 3________.
26. Paragraph 4________.
A.Provide Clean Water
B.Dig 0il Wells
C.Save Clean Water
D.Don't Litter
E.Don't Be Crude
F.Protect Wildlife
27. Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to________.
28. People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to________.
29. Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to________.
30. Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to________.
A.make new materials
B.preserve wetland and animals
C.have clean air
D.have clean water
E.collect cigarette butte
F.collect despoiled oil
第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命,) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinness -- and hot necessarily diet--promotes long life in " calorie (热量卡) restricted" animals.
"It's very cool work. " says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. "These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It's like heaven. "
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.
To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab mice--but only in their fat cells. "Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat," explains Kahn.
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice，despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition.Their lifespan increased.The average control mouse rived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie.restricted animals.“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting.”
31.Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_________.
A.offering them less food
B.giving them a balanced diet
C.disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells
D.preventing them growing larger
32.According to the passage.we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking
in fewer calories partly because_________.
A.humans，worms and rodents are different
B.most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet
C.the effect is not known
D.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
33.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A.People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less.
B.People want to go to heaven.but they do not want to die.
C.Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.
D.Mice enjoy losing weight.
34.The average modified mouse lived_________.
A.3 years
B.753 days
C.More than 3 years
D.887 days
35.What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A.It remains to be studied.
B.It has already been discovered.
C.Eating more leads to long life.
D.Eating less leads to long life.
Valuing Childhood
The value of childhood is easily blurred(变得模糊不清)in today’S world.Consider some recent developments.The child，murderers in the Jonesboro schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced.Two boys，7 and 8，were charged in the murder of an 11一year-old girl in Chicago.
Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will.Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldn’t begin to explain his acts.though he tried to apologize.There may have been a motive—youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment.But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner，moral restraint?
That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are.They wanted the girl’s bicycle，a selfish impulse common enough among kids.
Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity.How can value be restored to young fives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time.Despite horror at what was done，children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults，not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.That’s why politicians’cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources.Family instability contributes，so does economic stress.That void，however，can be filled.The work starts with parents，who have to ask themselves whether they’re doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong.Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?
Schools，t00，have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.So do youth enforcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守).
The goal，ultimately，is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur.The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don’t go that far，but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide--and which progressive human society relies on.
36.The two boys in Chicago were__________.
A.shot
B.murdered
C.accused
D.sentenced
37.The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of__________.
A.right and wrong
B.discipline
C.shame
D.safety
38.According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as__________.
A.murderers
B.criminals
C.victims
D.adults
39.Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?
A.Official corruption.
B.Social injustice.
C.Family stability.
D.Racial discrimination.
40.Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?
A.Parents should strengthen moral instruction.
B.Schools should help create a moral sense in children.
C.Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.
D.Youth organizations play no role in building character.
The Body Thieves
In the early nineteenth century in Britain，many improvements were being made in the world of medicine.Doctors and Surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the human body.Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable.However，Surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect(解剖).This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body， and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.
The job of finding these dead bodies was carded out by an unpleasant group of people called“body snatchers”.They went into graveyards(墓地)at night and，using wooden shovels to make less noise。dug up any recently buried bodies.Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them.A body could be sold for between￡5 and l0，which was a lot of money at that time.The doctors who paid the body snatchers had all agreement with them—they never asked any questions.They did not desire to know where the bodies came from，as long as they kept arriving.
The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare. Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig Up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of all easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up.they killed the poorer guests in Hare’s small hotel. Dr.Knox，the respected surgeon they worked for.never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled(勒死).
For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because，unsurprisingly，the bodies of their victims were never found by the police.They were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke Was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged.Appropriately，his body Was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table，just like his victims.In one small way，Justice was done.
Now, over 150 years later，surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills.However.the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome(令人毛骨悚然的)help.
41 The problem facing British surgeons in the early 19th century was that______•
A.some illnesses remained incurable
B.few people were willing to work as surgeons
C.medical expenses were too high
D.dead bodies were not easily available
42. The body snatchers used wooden shovels because ______
A.they did not wish to spoil the dead bodies
B.they wanted to keep the bodies to themselves
C.they were afraid of being caught
D.they were careful not to disturb anyone
43. Burk and Hare differed from other body snatchers in that______
A.they got other people to dig up bodies for them
B.they sold the bodies only to one surgeon
C.they dug up bodies not just from graveyards
D.they resorted to murder to get bodies
44. The bodies of Burke's and Hare's victims couldn't be found by the police because______
A.they had been stolen
B.they had been strangled
C.they had been dissected
D.they had been buried
45. The body thieves contributed in their gruesome way to______
A.medical advancement
B.legal progress
C.social stability
D.material wealth
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. (46) .
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. (47) The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health. (48) They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. (49) Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. ( 50 )
A.Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B.The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C.This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D.However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.
E.As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F.In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Greatest Mystery Of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them - and, like all mammals, originated on land.There are many front flippers(鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet. (51) of this. Its Immense strength is (52) into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated (53) 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the ( 54 ) of eight knot (节).
An angry whale will (55) A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex, (56) was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have (57) their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crash them.
The greatest (58) of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the Bottom for his (59) food，the octopus(章鱼).In that search he is known to go as far Down as 3200 feet，where the. (60) is l400 pounds，to a square inch.Doing so he will (61) underwater long as one hour.Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough (62) (all whales ale air—breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not (63) .It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special (64) of blood vessels，rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that (65) adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study，no one knows just how these things work.
51.A.aspects
B.signs
C.ways
D.reasons
52.A.worked
B.divided
C.built
D.moved
53.A.al
B.in
C.of
D.with
54.A.number
B.degree
C.distance
D.rate
55.A.abandon
B.attack
C.leave
D.board
56.A.as
B.who
C.which
D.that
57.A.had
B.operated
C.Seen
D.caught
58.A.interest
B.job
C.danger
D.mystery
59.A.favorite
B.fast
C.new
D.sufficient
60.A.depth
B.pressure
C.level
D.size
61.A.set
B.become
C.remain
D.rest.
62.A.heat
B.energy
C.food
D.oxygen
63.A.witnessed
B.determined
C.applied
D.calculated
64.A.system
B.place
C.arrangement
D.equipment
65.A.mentally
B.artificially
C.manually
D.automatically
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判
断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信
息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C
涂黑。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory ; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players in each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse-racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
16. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17. Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题l分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选
项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选
项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Earth Angels
1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina.When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean with the help of others. Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice.cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris ( 残片 ).
2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado. have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife.Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there.They also made decisions about among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.
3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water - a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land.The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue.Now, the "Don't Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites -tanks that hold up to 460 gallons -where people in the community can dispose of their oil.
4. Five years ago. 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it. " Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores (零工 ), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.
23. Paragraph 1________.
24. Paragraph 2________.
25. Paragraph 3________.
26. Paragraph 4________.
A.Provide Clean Water
B.Dig 0il Wells
C.Save Clean Water
D.Don't Litter
E.Don't Be Crude
F.Protect Wildlife
27. Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to________.
28. People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to________.
29. Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to________.
30. Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to________.
A.make new materials
B.preserve wetland and animals
C.have clean air
D.have clean water
E.collect cigarette butte
F.collect despoiled oil
第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内
容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命,) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinness -- and hot necessarily diet--promotes long life in " calorie (热量卡) restricted" animals.
"It's very cool work. " says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. "These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It's like heaven. "
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.
To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab mice--but only in their fat cells. "Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat," explains Kahn.
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice，despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition.Their lifespan increased.The average control mouse rived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie.restricted animals.“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting.”
31.Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_________.
A.offering them less food
B.giving them a balanced diet
C.disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells
D.preventing them growing larger
32.According to the passage.we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking
in fewer calories partly because_________.
A.humans，worms and rodents are different
B.most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet
C.the effect is not known
D.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
33.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A.People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less.
B.People want to go to heaven.but they do not want to die.
C.Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.
D.Mice enjoy losing weight.
34.The average modified mouse lived_________.
A.3 years
B.753 days
C.More than 3 years
D.887 days
35.What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A.It remains to be studied.
B.It has already been discovered.
C.Eating more leads to long life.
D.Eating less leads to long life.
Valuing Childhood
The value of childhood is easily blurred(变得模糊不清)in today’S world.Consider
some recent developments.The child，murderers in the Jonesboro schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced.Two boys，7 and 8，were charged in the murder of an 11一year-old girl in Chicago.
Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will.Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldn’t begin to explain his acts.though he tried to apologize.There may have been a motive—youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment.But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner，moral restraint?
That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are.They wanted the girl’s bicycle，a selfish impulse common enough among kids.
Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity.How can value be restored to young fives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time.Despite horror at what was done，children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults，not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.That’s why politicians’cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources.Family instability contributes，so does economic stress.That void，however，can be filled.The work starts with parents，who have to ask themselves whether they’re doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong.Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?
Schools，t00，have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.So do youth enforcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守).
The goal，ultimately，is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur.The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don’t go that far，but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide--and which progressive human society relies on.
36.The two boys in Chicago were__________.
A.shot
B.murdered
C.accused
D.sentenced
37.The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of__________.
A.right and wrong
B.discipline
C.shame
D.safety
38.According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as__________.
A.murderers
B.criminals
C.victims
D.adults
39.Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?
A.Official corruption.
B.Social injustice.
C.Family stability.
D.Racial discrimination.
40.Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?
A.Parents should strengthen moral instruction.
B.Schools should help create a moral sense in children.
C.Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.
D.Youth organizations play no role in building character.
The Body Thieves
In the early nineteenth century in Britain，many improvements were being made in the world of medicine.Doctors and Surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the human body.Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable.However，Surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect(解剖).This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body， and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.
The job of finding these dead bodies was carded out by an unpleasant group of people called“body snatchers”.They went into graveyards(墓地)at night and，using wooden shovels to make less noise。dug up any recently buried bodies.Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them.A body could be sold for between￡5 and l0，which was a lot of money at that time.The doctors who paid the body snatchers had all agreement with them—they never asked any questions.They did not desire to know where the bodies came from，as long as they kept arriving.
The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare. Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig Up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of all easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up.they killed the poorer guests in Hare’s small hotel. Dr.Knox，the respected surgeon they worked for.never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled(勒死).
For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because，unsurprisingly，the bodies of their victims were never found by the police.They were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke Was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged.Appropriately，his body Was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table，just like his victims.In one small way，Justice was done.
Now, over 150 years later，surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills.However.the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome(令人毛骨悚然的)help.
41 The problem facing British surgeons in the early 19th century was that______•
A.some illnesses remained incurable
B.few people were willing to work as surgeons
C.medical expenses were too high
D.dead bodies were not easily available
42. The body snatchers used wooden shovels because ______
A.they did not wish to spoil the dead bodies
B.they wanted to keep the bodies to themselves
C.they were afraid of being caught
D.they were careful not to disturb anyone
43. Burk and Hare differed from other body snatchers in that______
A.they got other people to dig up bodies for them
B.they sold the bodies only to one surgeon
C.they dug up bodies not just from graveyards
D.they resorted to murder to get bodies
44. The bodies of Burke's and Hare's victims couldn't be found by the police because______
A.they had been stolen
B.they had been strangled
C.they had been dissected
D.they had been buried
45. The body thieves contributed in their gruesome way to______
A.medical advancement
B.legal progress
C.social stability
D.material wealth
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择
5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应
的位置上。
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. (46) .
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. (47) The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health. (48) They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. (49) Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. ( 50 )
A.Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B.The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C.This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D.However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.
E.As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F.In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容
从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Greatest Mystery Of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them - and, like all mammals, originated on land.There are many front flippers(鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet. (51) of this. Its Immense strength is (52) into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated (53) 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the ( 54 ) of eight knot (节).
An angry whale will (55) A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex, (56) was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have (57) their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crash them.
The greatest (58) of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the Bottom for his (59) food，the octopus(章鱼).In that search he is known to go as far Down as 3200 feet，where the. (60) is l400 pounds，to a square inch.Doing so he will (61) underwater long as one hour.Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough (62) (all whales ale air—breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not (63) .It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special (64) of blood vessels，rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that (65) adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study，no one knows just how these things work.
51.A.aspects
B.signs
C.ways
D.reasons
52.A.worked
B.divided
C.built
D.moved
53.A.al
B.in
C.of
D.with
54.A.number
B.degree
C.distance
D.rate
55.A.abandon
B.attack
C.leave
D.board
56.A.as
B.who
C.which
D.that
57.A.had
B.operated
C.Seen
D.caught
58.A.interest
B.job
C.danger
D.mystery
59.A.favorite
B.fast
C.new
D.sufficient
60.A.depth
B.pressure
C.level
D.size
61.A.set
B.become
C.remain
D.rest.
62.A.heat
B.energy
C.food
D.oxygen
63.A.witnessed
B.determined
C.applied
D.calculated
64.A.system
B.place
C.arrangement
D.equipment
65.A.mentally
B.artificially
C.manually
D.automatically
参考答案与解析
第1部分：词汇选项
1.【答案】C
【题干】医疗设备正在更新。
A.扩展，发展
B.恢复，修理
C.改善，提升
D.转移，调动
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词upgrade意为“升级，更新”，所以正确答案为C。
2.【答案】 B
【题干】攀岩很危险。
A.有趣的
B.危险的
C.有吸引力的，有魅力的
D.有用的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词hazardous意为“危险的”，所以正确答案为B。
3.【答案】B
【题干】John工作很称职。
A.被接受的，被同意的
B.被推荐的
C.被拒绝的，排斥的
D.被选出的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词eligible意为“合格的，有资格当选的”，所以正确答案为B。本题属于划线词与正确选项并非同义词或者近义词。而是基本含义相同并能使句子通顺的单词替换
4.【答案】C
【题干】为了提高生活水平，我们必须加快生产。
A.包含，使参与
B.减少
C.加快，加速
D.放弃
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词accelerate意为“加快”，所以正确答案为C。
5.【答案】D
【题干】Mary看上去面色苍白，很疲倦。
A.担心的
B.丑陋的，难看的
C.糊涂的，不明事理的
D.筋疲力尽的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词weary意为“疲倦的，萎靡的”，所以正确答案为D。
6.【答案】 C
【题干】Alice是个很迷人的女孩。
A.美丽的
B.漂亮的
C.吸引人的，有魅力的
D.令人愉快的，舒适的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词fascinating意为“迷人的，令人着迷的”，不只是强调外表的美丽，在意思上与attractive更接近，所以答案为C。
7.【答案】D
【题干】她的情绪可以通过她对一些琐事的反应予以判定。
A.展示，显示，陈列
B.展示，给予
C.证明
D.评估
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词gauge意为“测量，估计”，在语义上同assess比较接近，故答案为D。
8.【答案】B
【题干】这个老太太将她的公寓租给了一对英国夫妻。
A.提供，给
B.租
C.提供
D.买
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词let意为“让，租”，在语义上同rent比较接近，故正确答案为B。
9.【答案】A
【题干】她站在那里因恐惧而大哭，而且吓得全身发抖。
A.摇动，震动
B.蹒跚
C.挣扎，努力
D.低声说，低声抱怨
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词tremble意为“发抖，战栗”，与shake在语义上比较接近，所以正确答案为A。
10.【答案】C
【题干】他们绕着湖散步，走了大约一小时。
A.跑，经营
B.卷
C.走，散步
D.跑
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词stroll意为“散步，闲逛”，与walk同义，故正确答案为C。
11.【答案】A
【题干】一面红色的旗子放在那里，是作为危险的标志。
A.标志
B.替代物
C.证据，证明
D.目标
【解析】考查名词。题干划线词token意为“符号，标志，表征”，与sign语义相近，所以答案为A。
12.【答案】A。
【题干】无论情况多糟糕，多数人都不愿意冒改革的风险。
A.不情愿的
B.热切的，急切的
C.高兴的
D.生气的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词unwilling意为“不愿意”，与reluctant为同义词，所以正确答案为A。
13.【答案】B
【题干】据说行动方案提供了行动的新方向，而不仅仅是控制或扩大旧的。
A.限制
B.控制
C.替代，替换
D.抵消，弥补
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词regulate意为“调节，固定，控制”，与control为同义词，故答案为B。
14.【答案】B
【题干】秘书长应该探究这个地区战后重建的问题。
A.否认
B.调查，研究
C.强调
D.创造，创新
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词explore意为“探索，探究”，与investigate意思上比较一致,所以答案为B。
15.【答案】A
【题干】沿海地区劳动力成本的稳步增长已经增加了船运货物的成本。
A.逐渐地
B.突然地
C.过量地，过分地
D.异常地，例外地
【解析】考查副词。划线词steadily意为“稳定地，稳步地”，在语义上同gradually比较接近，所以答案为A。
第2部分：阅读判断
16.【答案】C
【题干】打猎和钓鱼主要受到美国男人、年轻人和老人的喜欢。
【解析】利用题干中的核心结构hunting and fishing和并列结构men，young and old作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句为首段第二句。句中并没有提到men，young and old，根据该相关句及相邻句子的句意不能推导出题干但也不能反驳题干的句意，所以选择C。
17.【答案】A
【题干】职业棒球队在春天和夏天的赛季之后还可以继续在秋天打很长时间的球。
【解析】利用题干中的关键词professional baseball teams和the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer作为答案线索，发现答案相关句为第二段首句。该句句意与问题句一致，该题主要是考查well into the fall(一直到秋季)结构的含义。
18.【答案】A
【题干】棒球和英国的板球有很多共同之处。
【解析】利用题干中的线索词baseball和cricket去寻找答案相关句：可以发现第二段第二句为相关句。该句的句意为“与棒球运动最接近的就是英国的板球”，与题干的句意一致，选择A。
19.【答案】A
【题干】足球是一种观赏类体育项目。
【解析】利用题干中的关键词football和spectator sport作为答案线索找到答案相关句：第一段最后一句。既然最大的足球体育馆能容纳下80000观众，那么根据spectator sports(观赏性运动)的定义，足球应该是spectator sports。
20.【答案】B
【题干】与足球相比，许多美国人更喜欢棒球，因为足球比较激烈而且还要穿特殊的服装。
【解析】利用题干中的关键词basketball和football作为答案线索找到答案相关句：在第四段，可知美国人喜欢棒球是因为其在冬天也可以玩，而且是速度类项目。题干的说法与该相关句的说法不一致，故选B。
21.【答案】C
【题干】美国的棒球在大学很流行，以至于全国的大学每年都举办比赛。
【解析】利用题干中的关键词nationwide university matches进行定位，发现文章未提及。
22【答案】A
【题干】赛马迷们不被认为是运动爱好者是因为他们的观众的首要兴趣是赌博。
【解析】利用题干中的horse—racing fans作为答案线索，找到相关句：题干在文章末段。根据相关句群的句意(赛马比赛的吸引人之处是赌博，赛马迷只是对赌博感兴趣)，得出题干的说法与这些相关句的说法一致，故选A。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23.【答案】D
【题干】第一段的段落大意为________。
【解析】本文的标题是“地球的天使”，主题是环保，介绍的是几个孩子如何以自己的行动来从事环保事业。第一段主要介绍Joying Brescia这个8岁的孩子是怎样从事环保工作的。细节内容是，她发现很多人在海滩上丢烟头，便筹集钱买来很多塑料桶，放在海滩上，提醒人们把烟头扔进桶里。选项D(不要乱扔垃圾)概括了这段的意思，作为第一段的小标题最合适，所以选项D为正确答案。
24.【答案】 F
【题干】第二段的段落大意为________。
【解析】第二段主要讲一名叫Carter Dunham的孩子和他的伙伴如何保护一片湿地与其里面的珍奇动物的事情。选项F的意思是“保护野生动物”，正好概括了这段的意思，所以选项F为正确答案。
25.【答案】E
【题干】第三段的段落大意为________。
【解析】第三段主要讲一个名叫Barbara Brow的女孩和她的朋友发现废弃的油污对土地污染严重，提醒人们不要随便丢弃油污。原文中的“Don’t Be Crude”就是这个意思，与选项E相同，所以选项E为正确答案。
26.【答案】A
【题干】第四段的段落大意为________。
【解析】第四段主要介绍一名叫Ryan Hreljac的孩子通过打零工挣来的钱以及通过其他方式筹来的钱，成立的“水井基金”(Well Foundation)，帮助非洲人喝上干净的水。选项A(Provide Clean Water)的意思是“提供清洁的水”，与本段主题一致，所以选项A为正确答案。
27.【答案】E
【题干】Joying把一些桶放在公共场所的目的是什么?
【解析】利用题干关键词Joying可以定位到第一段，结合第一段的意思，我们知道这些桶是用来收集烟蒂的，所以选项E(收集烟蒂)为正确答案。
28.【答案】B。
【题干】人们感谢Carter Dunham所做的什么努力?
【解析】利用题干关键词Carter Dunham可以定位到第二段，第二段谈到的是他为保护湿地和野生动物作出了自己的贡献，所以选项B(保护湿地和动物)为正确答案。
29.【答案】A
【题干】废弃的油回收后可以用来干什么?
【解析】利用题干关键词disposed oil可以定位到第三段，提到利用废弃的油制作新的东西。所以A(制作新材料)为正确答案。
30.【答案】D
【题干】Ryan和他的朋友一起实现帮助非洲人们________梦想。
【解析】利用题干关键词Ryan可以定位到第四段，第四段主要讲到让他们喝上干净的水，所以选项D(饮用干净水)为正确答案。
第4部分：阅读理解
31.【答案】e
【题干】Ronald Kahn和他的同事通过________让老鼠活得更长。
A.给它们较少的食物
B.给它们平衡的饮食
C.打乱它们脂肪细胞中的某些基因
D.阻止它们长大
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词Ronald Kahn和live longer可定位到第二段“Ronald Kahn and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan of mice by 18 percent by blocking the rodent’S(啮齿动物)increase of fat in specific cells”，即“Ronald Kahn和他的同事能延长老鼠的寿命达18%，是通过阻止特定细胞中脂肪的增长”，故C为正确答案。
32.【答案】B
【题干】根据短文，我们不知道人们是否将受益于吸收较少的热量(卡路里)，因为________。
A.人类、虫子和啮齿类动物是不一样的
B.多数人不愿意这样接受严格的饮食
C.影响还未可知
D.组织中基因的改变不能在人类身体上进行
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段“Whether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet”，即“是否这也对人起作用还未可知，部分地因为几乎没有人愿意接受这样严格的饮食”，所以B为正确答案。
33.【答案】A
【题干】第三段的最后一句隐含了什么?
A.人们喜欢减肥，但不喜欢少吃。
B.人们想去天堂，但是不愿意死。
C.老鼠如果减肥就可以进天堂。
D.老鼠喜欢减肥。
【解析】推断题。第三段的最后一个句子是“these mice eat all they want，lose weight and live longer.It’s like heaven”，即“这些老鼠可以敞开吃，不会发胖，还能长寿。这就像进入天堂一样。”这实际上是道出了人的心声，由此答案为A。
34.【答案】D
【题干】那些基因改进过的老鼠活了________。
A.3年
B.753天
C.3年多
D.887天
【解析】细节题。利用题目关键词safety和manufacturing company等可以定位到倒数第二段“The average control mouse lived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days”，即“在普通控制下的老鼠活了753天，而那些瘦的则平均寿命达到887天”，所以正确答案为D。
35.【答案】A
【题干】从短文关于长寿的方法可以推断出什么?
A. 仍有待研究。
B. B.已经被发现。
C. C.多吃会长寿。
D. D.少吃会长寿。
【解析】推断题。从文章的最后两段我们可以感到对Kahn的试验，同行中是有不同意见的，至少到目前为止还不能说已经找到了延长寿命的方法，由此推断答案为A。
36.【答案】C
【题干】芝加哥的这两个男孩被________。
A.枪杀
B.谋杀
C.指控
D.判刑
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词two boys和Chicago可以定位到第一段“Two boys，7 arid 8，were charged in the murder of all 11-year—old girl in Chicago”，即“两个男孩，分别为7岁和8岁，被指控谋杀了一个11岁的女孩”，由此可知，C为正确答案。
37.【答案】A
【题干】Jonesboro and Chicago的男孩们明显缺少 感。
A.是非，对错
B.纪律，学科
C.羞耻
D.安全
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词Jonesboro and Chicago和lack of可以定位到第二段“Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner，moral restraint?”即“为什么这些孩子和其他相同境遇的孩子缺少一些内心的道德约束呢?”所以正确答案为A，即孩子们不能明辨是非。
38.【答案】D
【题干】根据一些政治家的说法，当孩子犯罪的时候，他们应该获得与________一样的对待。
A.谋杀犯
B.罪犯
C.受害人
D.成人
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词politician和treat可以定位到第四段“It That’s why politicians’cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point”，即“这就是为什么有的政治家呼吁对年轻人实行同成人一样的对待时就忽略了这一点”，可知答案为D。
39.【答案】C
【题干】下列哪一项被作者认为是道德真空的缘由之一?
A.官员腐败。
B.社会不公正。
C.家庭不稳定
D.种族歧视。
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词moral void和sourcs可以定位到第五段“But the moral void that invites violence has many sources.Family instability contributes，so does economic stress.”意为“导致暴力的道德真空有很多缘由。家庭不稳定是一个原因，经历压力也是一个原因。”据此可知C为正确答案。
40.【答案】D
【题干】下列哪一项是不正确的?
A.父母应该加强道德教育。
B.学校要帮助孩子确立道德感。
C.法律执行单位应更多地帮助孩子理解法律。
D.青年组织在培养青年人的品行方面没有作用。
【解析】判断题。该题无法利用题干进行定位，因为题干中没有关键词，在这种情况下，可以改为定位选项。分别利用每个选项的关键词进行定位。发现D项与原文不符，利用youth organization可以定位到第六段“Schools，too，have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.”即“学校在培养孩子品行方面有很大作用，青年组织也是如此。”所以答案为D。
41.【答案】D
【题干】英国外科医生在19世纪初所面临的问题是________。
A.一些疾病仍然无法治愈
B.很少人愿意做外科医生的工作
C.医疗费用过高
D.尸体不容易获得
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词problem和surgeons可以定位到文章第一段第四句和第五句“However，Surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect.”意为“然而，外科医生面临一个问题。他们需要用于解剖的尸体。”所以选项D为正确答案。
42.【答案】C
【题干】盗尸者用木铲是因为________。
A.他们不希望破坏尸体
B.他们想将尸体据为己有
C.他们害怕被抓
D.他们很小心，不想打扰到别人
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词wooden shovels可以定位到文章第二段第二句“They went into graveyards(墓地)at night and using wooden shovels to make less noise.”意为“他们在夜间走进墓地，用木铲使噪声更低。”这些盗尸者惟恐被人发现，因此才使用木铲，所以选项C为正确答案。
43.【答案】D
【题干】Burk and Hare不同于其他盗尸者________。
A.他们让其他人帮他们挖尸体
B.他们只将尸体卖给同一个外科医生
C.他们不只是从墓地挖尸体
D.他们采取谋杀来获得尸体
【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词Burke and Hare可以定位到文章第三段“Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of all easier way to find bodies.Instead of digging them up，they killed the poorer guests in Hare’S small hotel.”意为“Burke and Hare与其他盗尸者不同，他们不只是从墓地挖尸体。他们变得贪婪，并想采取所有简单的方法来找到尸体。代替挖尸体，他们杀了在Hare的小酒店里较穷的客人。”所以选项D是正确答案。
44.【答案】c
【题干】Burke and Hare谋杀的受害者的尸体无法被警方发现，因为________。
A.他们已经被偷走了
B.他们已经被勒死了
C.他们已经被解剖了
D.他们已经被埋葬了【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词Burke and Hare和police定位到文章第四段倒数
第二句“Appropriately，his body was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table，just like his victims.”意为“适当地，他的身体被给予了医学学校，他最终在解剖台上结束了其一生，就像他的受试者。”由此可知，警察之所以发现不了受害者的尸体是因为尸体卖掉后都被解剖了，所以选项C正确。
45.【答案】A
【题干】盗尸者以其可怕的方式对——做出了贡献。
A. 医学的进步
B. B.法律的进步
C. C.社会稳定
D. D.物质财富
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词gruesome定位到文中最后一段最后一句“How-ever，the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome(令人毛骨悚然的)help.”意为“但是，没有这些令人毛骨悚然的方式。外科医学就不能发展。”所以选项A为正确答案。
第5部分：补全短文
A.虽然，最近科学家在研究了一大群非吸烟者后，改变了他们的观点。
B.Gilsons已经结婚35年了。
C.这种烟被称为二手烟。
D.然而，二手烟对所有人都有危害，包括年轻人和老人。
E.因此，他们已经通过了法律，禁止人们在许多公共场所吸烟。
F.在美国，900万5岁以下的儿童生活在至少有一个吸烟者的家庭中。
46.【答案】B
【解析】从原文来看，前一句主要讲Gilson与妻子Evelyn生活在一起，而Evelyn自打他们结婚以来一直是差不多每天一包烟。接下来显然应该接着说Gilson的事情。所以正确答案为选项B(Gilsons已经结婚35年了)。
47.【答案】C
【解析】从原文来看，前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应该还是说关于这种烟的事情，所以选项C(这种烟被称为二手烟)是正确答案。
48.【答案】A
【解析】从原文来看，前一句讲的是科学家们过去对二手烟的看法，接下来应选表示他们改变观点的句子，因为下一句表明他们所持的观点已与过去截然不同，所以正确答案为选项A(不过，最近科学家在研究了一大群非吸烟者后，改变了他们的观点)。
49.【答案】F
【解析】从原文来看，前一句提到了儿童与二手烟的问题。接下来的句子自然仍然与儿童有关，所以选项F(在美国，900万5岁以下的儿童生活在至少有一个吸烟者的家庭中)为正确答案。
50.【答案】E
【解析】从原文来看，前一句讲的是人们逐渐意识到二手烟的危害性，因此接下来应首选表示人们采取措施、禁止公共场所吸烟的句子，所以选项E(因此，他们已经通过了法律，禁止人们在许多公共场所吸烟)为正确答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答案】B
【题干】有很多前端的鳍状肢，用于转向和稳定性，是脚的痕迹，________了这点。
A.方面
B.符号，特征
C.方法
D.原因
【解析】考查词汇。第一段讲到鲸鱼很像陆地上的哺乳动物，最后一句举了一些例子来说明这一点。四个选项分别代入，sign(符号，特征)比较符合语境，鲸鱼具有陆地上哺乳动物的一些特征，所以正确答案为B。
52.【答案】C
【题干】它的巨大的力量是________鲸鱼庞大的身体的基础，而事实上大部分鲸鱼的身体是一块巨大的肌肉。
A.工作，操作
B.划分，分离
C.建造，建立
D.移动
【解析】考查词汇。四个选项分别代入，something is built into…的意思是“把……
装(建、插)入……”，这里指鲸鱼具有巨大的气力。其他三个选项语义不通，所以正确答案为C。
53.【答案】A
【题干】蓝鲸身体的拉伸强度已估计________400马力。
A.在
B.在……之内
C.……的
D.随着
【解析】考查介词。只能用介词at，不能用其他介词，所以正确答案为A。
54.【答案】D
【题干】据报道，一只鲸鱼将捕鲸船以________—拖拽七个小时。
A.数字
B.度，程度
C.距离
D.速度
【解析】考查状语从句，四个选项分别代入，从上下文来讲，rate(速度)最符合语义，所以正确答案为D。
55.【答案】B
【题干】被激怒的鲸鱼将进行________。
A.放弃，废弃
B.攻击
C.离开
D.上(船、车或飞机)
【解析】考查词汇。根据上下文语境，此处表达鲸鱼被惹怒后会攻击船只，故正确答案为B。
56.【答案】C
【题干】一个著名的例子，就是埃塞克斯捕鲸船的命运，________早在上个世纪
被击沉在南美洲外海。
A.作为
B.谁
C.哪个
D.那一个
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句，关系代词作主语，用which，所以正确答案为C。
57.【答案】A
【题干】钢质船舶以同样的方式——使他们的板材弯曲。
A.有，具有
B.操作
C.看见
D.赶上，接住
【解析】考查词汇。四个选项分别代入，“have+something+过去分词”是一固定结构，所以正确答案为A。
58.【答案】D
【题干】鲸鱼最大的——就是它们的潜水能力。
A.兴趣
B.工作
C.危险
D.谜，神秘
【解析】考查词汇。根据上下文语境，本题所在句子为该段主题句，讲的是鲸鱼的潜水能力。鲸鱼的潜水能力很强，能下潜到很深的地方，科学家们不解其原因，所以说是个谜，正确答案为D。
59.【答案】A
【题干】抹香鲸潜入水底为了它_______的食物—章鱼。
A.喜爱的
B.快的
C.新的
D.重组的
【解析】考查词汇。四个选项分别代入，虽然本题的四个选项都能与food搭配，但根据上下文语境，favorite(喜爱的)最符合文意，所以正确答案为A。
60.【答案】B
【题干】在那次探索中，他潜入水底3200英尺深，_______是1400磅每平方英尺。
A.深度
B.压力
C.水平
D.尺寸
【解析】考查词汇。空格后面的名词是pound，重量单位，四个选项分别代入,其他三个选项不能和pound搭配，所以正确答案为B。
61.【答案】C
【题干】这样做，它将只能_______水下一个小时。
A.放置，安置
B.成为，变得
C.留下，保持
D.休息，依靠
【解析】考查动词。根据上下文语境，四个选项代入后，remain(留下)最符合语境，表示待在水下，其他三个动词放入空格处意思讲不通，所以正确答案为C。
62.【答案】D
【题干】这两项特殊的技能能够让它存储足够的_______。
A.热
B.能量
C.食物
D.氧气
【解析】考查词汇。根据上下文语境，这里指鲸鱼聚集氧气，所以正确答案为D。
63.【答案】B
【题干】它是如何做到的，科学家没有_______。
A.目击
B.决定，确定
C.应用，运用
D.计算
【解析】考查词汇。根据上下文语境，上文讲到鲸鱼为什么能够在水下承受巨大的压力，科学家们还没有找到答案。四个选项分别代入，determine(确定)比较符合语境，其他三个选项讲不通，所以正确答案为B。
64.【答案】A
【题干】据认为，一些氧储存在特殊的_______。
A.系统，体系
B.座位，地方
C.安排
D.设备，装备
【解析】考查词汇。根据上下文语境，四个选项分别代入，special和几个选项都可以搭配使用，但只有system(系统，体系)比较符合语境，所以正确答案为A。
65.【答案】D
【题干】它被认为是有一种特殊的油在它的头部，作为某种补偿机制，调整它身体的内部压力。
A.心理上
B.人工地
C.手工地
D.自动地
【解析】考查词汇。根据上下文语境做出判断。四个选项分别代入后。automatically(自动地)与文意相符，所以正确答案为D。
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