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2015年职称英语考试（卫生类A）考前押题试卷（第二套）
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.
A.argued
B.derived
C.permitted
D.come
2. I can no longer tolerate hisactions.
A.put up with
B.accept
C.take
D.suffer from
3. Our plan is to allocate onemember of staff to handle appointments.
A.ask
B.persuade
C.assign
D.order
4. She has been the subject of massive media coverage.
A.extensive
B.negative
C.responsive
D.explosive
5. I expect that she will be able to caterfor your particular needs.
A.supply
B.reach
C.provide
D.meet
6. The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.
A.measure
B.opinion
C.method
D.decision
7. It's sensible to start anyexercise program gradually at first.
A.workable
B.reasonable
C.possible
D.available
8. A lot of people could fall ill afterdrinking contaminated water.
A.boiled
B.polluted
C.mixed
D.sweetened
9. You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position.
A.maintain
B.better
C.acquire
D.support
10. She stood there, trembling withfear.
A.jumping
B.crying
C.moving
D.shaking
11. The food is insufficient forthree people.
A.instant
B.infinite
C.inexpensive
D.inadequate
12. Thousands of people perished inthe storm.
A.died
B.suffered
C.floated
D.scattered
13. But in the end he approved ofour proposal.
A.undoubtedly
B.certainly
C.ultimately
D.necessarily
14. For young children, getting dressed isa complicated business.
A.strange
B.complex
C.personal
D.funny
15. In Britain and many other countries, appraisal is now a tool of management.
A.evaluation
B.production
C.efficiency
D.publicity
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题l分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Creating a World without Smoking
Smoking will be banned in all pubs, clubs and workplaces from next yearafter historic votes in the Commons last night. After last-minute appeals fromhealth campaigners, MPs opted for a blanket prohibition which will start insummer 2007, ending months of argument over whether smokers should be barred inpubs and restaurants only. They voted to ban smoking in all pubs and clubs by384 to 184, a surprisingly large majority of 200.
Smoking will still be allowed in the home and in places considered to behomes, such as prisons, care homes and hotels.
Smokers lighting up in banned areas will face a fixed penalty notice of ￡50and spot frees of ￡ 200 will be introduced for failingto display no-smoking signs, with the possible penalty, if the issue goes tocourt, increasing to ￡1000.
Carpline Flint, the Public Health Minister, also announced that the finefor failing to stop people smoking in banned areas would be increased to ￡2500 - more than ten times the ￡ 200 originallyproposed.
The Bill also allows the Government to increase the age for buyingcigarettes. Ministers will consult on raising it from 16 to 18.
The Bill now goes to the Lords but will be through by the summer recess.
Even a plan to allow smoking to continue in private clubs was thrown outas MPs on all sides were given permission to vote with their conscience ratherthan on a party line.
Patricia Hewitt, the Health Secretary, said the Health Bill would bansmoking in "virtually every enclosed public place and workplace" inEngland and save thousands of lives a year. Smoke-free workplaces and publicplaces "will become the norm".
She said, "An additional 600000 people will give up smoking as aresult of this law and millions more will be protected from second-hand smoke."
Peter Hollins, director-general of the British Heart Foundation, said,"The vote is a landmark victory for the public health of this country andwill save the lives of many people."
16. A ban on smoking in all pubs, clubsand workplaces will begin in summer 2007.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17. The law doesn't seem to apply toofficials.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. One can nevertheless smoke at home.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19. There is a possibility for theGovernment to raise the age for buying cigarettes.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20. The Government will shut down cigarettefactories in large numbers.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. The Government will definitely imposea much heavier tax on tobacco.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22. The Government will take necessarymeasures to help smokers give up smoking.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Stanford University
1. Stanford University is sometimes called"the Harvard of the West". The closeness of Stanford to SanFrancisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university adecidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的) flavor.
2. The students are enrolled mainly fromthe western United States. But most of the fifty states send students toStanford, and many foreign student study here, as well. And standards for admissionremain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upperfifteen percent of their high school classes.
3. Not only because of the high caliber (素质)of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate,Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world's most respected scholars.The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners in various fields. Stanford'sundergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business law,and medicine are especially well-regarded.
4. What is student life like on "TheFarm"? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizensof nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in theuniversity's several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduationsare also held.Several film series are presentedduring the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic lifefrequently appear on campus. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offershighly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very muchpart of the Stanford picture.So are bicycling andjogging.
5. In addition to financial support fromalumni (校友), Stanford receives grants from the governmentand from private charities. In recent years, government grants have made. Possibleadvanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy.At present Stanford is carrying out all ambitious building program, financed inpart by the Ford Foundation's 25 million grant. Recently added to the campusale a new physics building. New school of business, new graduate school of law,new student union, and undergraduate library.
23. Paragraph 2__________.
24. Paragraph 3__________.
25. Paragraph 4__________.
26. Paragraph 5__________.
A.Colorful Life on Campus
B.Intelligent Student Body
C.Excellent Administration
D.Distinguished Faculty
E.Substantial FinancialSupport
F.Rich European Flavor
27. Stanford University attracts studentsfrom__________.
28. The faculty of the university boastssome of the world's__________.
29. The university offers a rich varietyof__________.
30. The development of the universityrelies to a certain extent on__________.
A.both indoors andoutdoors
B.both home and abroad
C.most distinguishedscholars
D.desirable climate
E.cultural activities
F.external financialsupport
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Play
Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent yearsresearch has shown the great importance of play in the development of a humanbeing. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the rightmaterials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function isto suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys,which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again.Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of achild's development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that thestandard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities,is largely determined in the first three years of his life. Soa baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown thingsand played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.
In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows nobounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, fortrying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particularability. Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and constructiontoys; painting, scribbling (涂鸦) and making things; sandand water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first socialgames for learning to play and get on with others.
But the third stage of play development — from five to seven oreight years -- the child is at school. But for a few more years play is stillthe best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which typeof toys the chills most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to achild.But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become themain source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead onto new hobbies, but their significance has changed --to a child of nice or tenyears, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
31. The passage tells us that as a childgrows up, _______.
A.he should be allowed tochoose his own toys
B.he should be givenidentical toys
C.he should be givendifferent toys
D.he should be given fewerand fewer toys
32. According to the passage, theabilities a child has inherited from his parents_______.
A.determine his character
B.will not change afterthe age of three
C.partly determine the standardhe is likely to reach
D.to a large extentdetermine the choice of toys
33. Who have the best chance of growing upsuccessfully?
A.Those who tend toovereat.
B.Those who are given alot of toys.
C.Those who are giventoys, talked to and played with.
D.Those who can sharetheir toys with their playmates.
34. We learn from the passage that a childhas boundless curiosity_______.
A.when he is two
B.when he is around four
C.when he is six
D.when he is eight
35. The passage is mainly about_______.
A.the importance ofpre-school education
B.the importance ofschooling
C.the role of play in achild's development
D.the choice of toys foradolescents
New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and HumanServices Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program totry to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heartdisease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病)。
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases -- the leadingcauses of death in the United States -- and outlines ways that people canprevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
"In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majorityof serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronicdiseases," the Health and Human Services department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral -- smoking, poor eating habits and alack of exercise.
"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better healthis a smart policy choice for our future." Thompson told aconference held to launch the initiative.
"Our current health care system is not structured to deal with therising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changesin our lifestyle choices. "
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than$ 351 billion in 2003.
"These leading causes of death for men and women are largelypreventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US tolead healthier, longer lives," he said.
The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention,pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walkmore.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heartdisease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics andnutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people atrisk of diabetes about what they card do to prevent it and encourage morecancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can becaught by screening, including Pap tests (巴氏试验) for cervical (子宫颈的) cancer mammograms (乳房X线照 片) for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查),and prostate (前列腺的) checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimatesthat the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
36. Which of the following is NOT true ofchronic diseases in the US?
A.They account for 70%ofall deaths.
B.They are responsible formost of the health care costs.
C.They often result inunhealthy lifestyles.
D.They are largelypreventable.
37. The author mentions all the followingways of disease prevention EXCEPT_______.
A.better diet
B.increased exercise
C.less smoking
D.more frequent handwashing
38. The passage indicates that spendingmore money on disease prevention will mean_______.
A.greater responsibilityof the government
B.less need for input intotreatment
C.higher costs of healthcare
D.more lifestyle choicesfor people
39. The purpose of the $15 million programis to_______.
A.promote diseaseprevention
B.build more highways
C.help poor communities
D.wipe out chronicdiseases
40. Early cancer screening can help reducesignificantly_______.
A.the death rates for allchronic diseases
B.the kinds of cancerattacking people
C.the incidence rate forcancer
D.the death rate for cancer
TechnologyTransfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial Success, fewnations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial basehas been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though Germanprosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east andwest as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable recordfor turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a networkof research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems andcreate sought -- after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, andtechnology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes forpumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it isnot without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research willmean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. Ifevery scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家),the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research beingcuriosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmers topromote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businessesthat are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate fromGermany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, MaxPlanck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, thatplays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largestorganization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12000people.It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich HertzInstitute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are evenFraunhofers in the US and Asia.
41. What factor can be attributed toGerman prosperity?
A.Technology transfer.
B.Good management.
C.Hard work.
D.Fierce competition.
42. Which of the following is NOT true oftraditional university research?
A.It is free.
B.It is profit-driven.
C.It is widely available
D.It is curiosity-driven.
43. The Fraunhofer Society is the largestorganisation for applied technology in_______.
A.Asia
B.USA
C.Europe
D.Africa
44. When was the Fraunhofer Societyfounded?
A.In 1940.
B.Last year.
C.After the unification.
D.In 1949.
45. The word "expertise" in line3 could be best replaced by_______.
A."experts"
B."scientists"
C."scholars"
D."specialknowledge"
第5部分：补全短文(第46—50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Every DogHas Its Say
Kimiko Fukuda, a Japanese girl, always wondered what her dog was tryingto say.
Whenever she put on makeup, it would pullat her sleeve. (46) When the dog barks, sheglances at a small electronic gadget (装置). Thefollowing "human" translation appears on its screen: "Pleasetake me with you. " "I realized that's how he was feeling. "said Fukuda.
The .gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks intofeelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made theworld's first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300000 Japanese dogowners bought it. (47) "Nobody else had thought about it,"said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara , "We spend so much time trainingdogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understanddogs?" Bowlingual has two parts. (48) The translation is done in the gadget using a database (资料库)containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research, these noises are divided into sixcategories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. (49) Inthis way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which isthen translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda's houserecently, the dog barked a loud "bowwow". This translated as"Don't come this way. " (50)
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120 It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog's emotions when theowner is away.
A.A wireless microphone isattached to the dog's collar, which sends information to the gadget held by theowner.
B.Nobody really knows howa dog feels.
C.It was followed by"I'm stronger than you" as the dog growled (嗥叫) and sniffed (嗅) at the visitor.
D.More customers areexpected when the English version is launched this summer.
E.Now, the Japanese girlthinks she knows.
F.Each one of theseemotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let's play","Look atme", or "Spend more time with me".
第6部分：完形填空(第51—65题，每题l分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Cost as a Factor in Supply
In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services hasno control over the market price, because he produces too little to influencemarket conditions. With no difference between his products and the products (51) his competitors, he will sell nothing if hecharges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or (52) the market price.However,in considering the price, he must take the (53) of production intoconsideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost.This might happen when prices tumble for (54) he believes will be a short time.However, no business person can (55) to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly (56) of his costs in relation to the marketprice if he is to competes successfully and earn a profit.
Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs perunit decrease. (57) mass production has made this true in certainindustries and at certain levels of production, (58) logic and practical experiences have shownthat costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Someeconomists (59) to this principle as the law of increasingcosts.
The reason costs rise as production goes up is (60) However, it is easy to recognizethat as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production willalso grow, (61) competitive bidding in the marketplace forthe factors of production. If a producer needs (62) skilled labor to produce more, and none ofthis labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get (63) from other sources. This can be done by (64) higher wages. Higher biddingwould also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognizethat not all labor is equally productive, (65) not all land is equallyfertile and not all ore (矿石) is equally rich inthe mineral wanted.
51. A.to
B.at
C.of
D.on
52. A.below
B.beneath
C.over
D.above
53. A.price
B.cost
C.worth
D.profit
54. A.that
B.why
C.what
D.if
55. A.afford
B.pretend
C.offer
D.try
56. A.sure
B.afraid
C.aware
D.suspicious
57. A Because
B.Since
C.When
D.While
58. A.both
B.neither
C.none
D.any
59. A.resort
B.refer
C.turn
D.attend
60. A.clear
B.simple
C.difficult
D.complex
61. A.bringing
B.resulting in
C.including
D.carrying out
62. A.less
B.numerous
C.more
D.many
63. A.them
B.these
C.it
D.those
64. A.offering
B.cutting
C.reducing
D.having
65. A.as if
B.just as
C.because
D.while
参考答案与解析
第1部分：词汇选项
1.【答案】B
【题干】这个结论可以从这个前提中推断出来。
A.争论
B.得到，推断，源于
C.允许
D.来
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词推断意为“推断，得出结论”，与derive语义相近。所以答案为B。
2.【答案】A
【题干】我再也不能忍受他的行为了。
A.忍受
B.接受
C.拿
D.受苦，患……病
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词tolerate意为“忍受，宽容”，与put up with在意思上是同义词，所以正确答案为A。
3.【答案】C
【题干】我们的计划是指定一位员工去赴约。
A.问，要求
B.劝服，劝说
C.分配，指派
D.命令，订购
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词allocate意为“分配，指定”，与assign为近义词。故答案为C。
4.【答案】A
【题干】她一直都是大量媒体报道的对象。
A.广泛的，大量的
B.负面的，消极的
C.回应的，响应的
D.爆炸的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词massive意为“大量的，巨大的”。与extensive 意思上比较一致，所以答案为A。
5.【答案】D
【题干】我希望她能满足你特殊的需求。
A.提供
B.达到，到达
C.提供
D.会见，满足
【解析】考查动词。划线词cater for the needs意为“满足需求”，在语义上同meet the needs，所以答案为D。
6.【答案】A
【题干】这个指标是政府对未来经济行为的主要衡量。
A.测量，估量
B.意见，主张
C.方法
D.决定，决议
【解析】考查名词。题干线词gauge意为“估计，精确测量”，所以正确答案为A。
7.【答案】B
【题干】循序渐进地开始任何锻炼计划都是明智的。
A.可行的
B.合理的
C.可能的
D.可用的，有空的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词sensible意为“明智的，合乎常理的”，所以正确答案为B。
8.【答案】B
【题干】许多人会因为喝了被污染的水而得病。
A.煮沸的
B.污染的
C.混合的
D.变甜的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词contaminated意为“被污染的，弄脏的”，故正确答案为B。
9.【答案】A
【题干】如果你想要保持自己的职位，就得耐心。
A.保持，维持
B.改善，提高
C.获得，得到
D.支持
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词sustain意为“继续，保持”，sustain one’s position的意思是“继续保持自己的职位”，所以正确答案为A。
10.【答案】D
【题干】他站在那儿，害怕地发抖。
A.跳跃
B.哭
C.移动
D.颤抖，震动
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词tremble意为“战栗，颤抖”，所以正确答案为D。
11.【答案】D
【题干】这些食物对于三个人不够。
A.迫切的
B.无限的
C.不贵的，便宜的
D.不充分的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词insufficient意为“不充分的”，所以正确答案为D。12.【答案】A
【题干】数千人在暴风雨中丧生。
A.死亡
B.遭受，蒙受
C.漂浮
D.散乱
【解析】考查动词。题干划线词perish意为“死亡”，所以正确答案为A。
13【答案】C
【题干】他最终同意了我们的提议。
A.毋庸置疑地
B.当然
C.最后地
D.必定地
【解析】考查短语。题干划线词in the end意为“最后”，所以正确答案为C。
14.【答案】B
【题干】对于小孩子，穿衣服是一件复杂的事情。
A.奇怪的
B.复杂的
C.个人的
D.有趣的
【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词complicated意为“复杂的”，所以正确答案为B。
15.【答案】A
【题干】在美国和一些其他国家，考核成为一种管理工具。
A.评价
B.生产
C.效率
D.公众信息，宣传
【解析】考查名词。题干划线词appraisal意为“评价，估量”，所以正确答案为A。
第2部分：阅读判断
16.【答案】A
【题干】一项在所有酒店、俱乐部和工作场所禁烟的禁令将于2007年夏天开始实施。
【解析】利用题干关键词“2007”定位到文章的第一句和第二句，题干信息与原文信息相符，所以答案为A。
17.【答案】B
【题干】这条法律似乎不适用于官员。
【解析】利用题干关键词进行定位，文章里没有说过官员可以不受这条法律的约束，从该法律实施的范围可以判断，不论是官员还是普通百姓均受该法律的约束，所以题干信息与原文信息不一致，故答案为8。
18.【答案】A
【题干】在家吸烟是可以的。
【解析】用线索词at home定位，文章第二段有相关信息，大意是：在家里可以被看做是家庭的场所，吸烟是允许的。
19.【答案】A
【题干】政府有可能提高买烟者的年龄。
【解析】利用题干关键词可以定位到第五段“The Bill also allows the Government to increase the age for buying cigarettes”，表明政府很可能把允许购买香烟的年龄提高，所以答案为A。
20.【答案】C
【题干】政府打算大量关闭烟厂。
【解析】利用题干关键词进行定位，文中没有提到政府打算大量关闭烟厂这件事。
21.【答案】C
【题干】政府将对烟草课以重税。
【解析】利用题干关键词进行定位，文中没有讲政府将对烟草课以重税。
22【答案】C
【题干】政府将采取措施帮助吸烟者戒烟。
【解析】利用题干关键词进行定位，文中没有谈到政府准备如何帮助吸烟者戒烟。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23.【答案】B
【题干】第二段的段落大意为_________。
【解析】第二段主题句为最后一句“Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.”意为“选择高中班级中的前l5%的年轻的男孩和女孩进入斯坦福大学。”可知第二段主要讲的是良好的生源，所以选项B(优秀的生源)为正确答案。
24.【答案】D
【题干】第三段的段落大意为_________。
【解析】第三段主题句为第一句“Not only because of the high caliber(素质)of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate，Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world’s most respected scholars.”意为“不仅因为其学生的素质，还因为其理想的地理位置和气候，斯坦福大学已经吸引了一些世界上最受人尊敬的学者来校任教。”所以选项D(杰出的师资)为正确答案。
25.【答案】A
【题干】第四段的段落大意为_________。
【解析】第四段主题句为第一句“What is student life like on‘The Farm’?”意为“学生的在校生活什么样子呢?”，第四段主要讲学生丰富多彩的校园生活，所以选项A(丰富多彩的校园生活)为正确答案。
26.【答案】 E
【题干】第五段的段落大意为_________。
【解析】第五段主题句为第一句“In addition to financial support from alumni，Stanford receives grants from the government and from private charities.”意为“除了校友的经济支持，斯坦福大学还收到来自政府和私人慈善机构的资助。”所以选项E(大量的财政支持)为正确答案。
27.【答案】B
【题干】斯坦福大学吸引来自_________的学生。
【解析】利用题干关键词students可以定位到第二段第一、二句“The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States.But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford，and many foreign student study here，as well.”意为“主要招收的学生来自美国西部，但是五十个州中的大部分也派遣学生到斯坦福大学，同时许多外国学生也到这里求学。”所以选项B(国内外)为正确答案。
28.【答案】 C
【题干】斯坦福大学的教师拥有一些世界上的_________ 。
【解析】利用题干关键词faculty可以定位到第三段第二句“Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world’s most respected scholars.”意为“斯坦福大学已经吸引了一些世界上最受人尊敬的学者来校任教。”所以选项C(知名的学者)为正确答案。
29.【答案】E
【题干】斯坦福大学提供了丰富多彩的_________。
【解析】由文章第四段可知，学校的文化活动丰富多彩，所以E(文化活动)为正确答案。
30.【答案】F
【题干】斯坦福大学的发展一定程度上依赖于_________。
【解析】文章第五段第一句“In addition to financial support from alumni.Stanford receives grants from the government and from private charities.”意为“除了校友的经济支持，斯坦福大学还收到来自政府和私人慈善机构的资助。”所以选项F(外部的经济资助)为正确答案。
第4部分：阅读理解
31.【答案】C
【题干】这篇文章告诉我们，随着孩子的成长，________。
A.他应该被允许选择自己的玩具
B.他应该被给予同样的玩具
C.他应该被给予不同的玩具
D.他应该被给予越来越少的玩具
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词无法定位到相关信息，就可以改为定位选项关键词，选项C利用关键词different可以定位到第一段“Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development”，即“在孩子发展的不同阶段选择适合的玩具是非常重要的。”据此可知答案为C。
32.【答案】C
【题干】根据短文，孩子从父母那里继承的能力________。
A.决定孩子的性格
B.在三岁后不会改变
C.部分地决定他要达到的标准
D.很大程度上决定他对玩具的选择
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词ability和inherit可以定位到第二段“In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach，within the range of his inherited abilities，is largely determined in the first three years of his life”，即“近来有关婴儿发展的研究表明，在所继承的能力范围内，孩子可能达到的标准主要是在其生命中的前三年决定的”，由此可知正确答案为C。
33.【答案】C
【题干】谁有最佳的成长机会?
A.那些吃得多的孩子。
B.那些被给予了很多玩具的孩子。
C.那些被给予了玩具、有人说话和玩的孩子。
D.那些将玩具与玩伴分享的孩子。
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词chance和grow up successfully可以定位到第二段“A baby who is encouraged and stimulated，talked to and shown things and played with，has the best chance of growing up successfully”，即“一个受到鼓励和激励并有人和他聊天和玩耍的孩子有着成功长大的最佳机会”，由此，答案为C。
34.【答案】B
【题干】从文中可知，孩子有无穷的好奇心________。
A.当他两岁时
B.当他大约四岁时
C.当他六岁时
D.当他八岁时
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词boundless curiosity等可以定位到第三段“In the next stage，from three to five years old，curiosity knows no bounds”，意为“在下个阶段，从三岁到五岁，好奇心是无穷的”，所以正确答案为B。
35.【答案】C
【题干】这篇文章主要是关于________。
A.学前教育的重要性
B.上学的重要性
C.孩子成长过程中玩乐的作用
D.为青年选择玩具
【解析】主旨题。从每段的首尾句来看，主要谈论不同阶段孩子应该如何玩耍，特别是第一段的首句“Play is the principal business of childhood，and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being”，即“玩耍是儿童时期最重要的事情，近来的研究已经表明玩耍在人成长过程中的重要作用”，而且短文的题目就是play，由此正确答案为C。
36.【答案】C
【题干】在美国，下列哪项关于慢性疾病是不正确的?
A.它们占所有死亡人数的70%。
B.它们占用了大部分的医疗费用。
C.它们往往导致不健康的生活方式。
D.它们在很大程度上是可以预防的。
【解析】细节题。本题利用题干不好定位，可改为定位选项。利用选项关键词可以定位到文章的第二段、第四段可知，不健康的生活方式会导致慢性病的发生，而不是慢性疾病导致不健康的生活方式，所以答案为C。
37.【答案】D
【题干】作者提到了以下所有疾病的预防方式，除了________。
A.更好的饮食
B.增加运动
C.少吸烟
D.更频繁的洗手
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词prevent可以定位到第二段“…that people can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise”，可知好的饮食和增加运动可以预防。在通过定位选项可以定位到文章第四段“The causes are often behavioral--smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.”意为“起因往往是经常行为——吸烟、不良饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼。”可知少抽烟也可以预防，所以答案为D。
38.【答案】B
【题干】文章表明，疾病预防方面花更多的钱将意味着________。
A.政府更大的责任
B.疾病治疗投入的更少需求
C.医疗保健的更高成本
D.人们有生活方式更多的选择
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词spending money on disease prevention可以定位到文章中不难看出，在疾病预防方面多投入将意味着治疗疾病的投入需求相应可以减少，所以选项B为正确答案。
39.【答案】A
【题干】这15亿美元项目的目的是________。
A.促进疾病的预防
B.兴建更多的公路
C.帮助贫困社区
D.消灭慢性疾病
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第九段“The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.”意为“15亿元的项目设计走进社区以促进预防，推动变化就好比修建人行道，鼓励人们多走路一样。”由此可知，这笔钱的主要用途是疾病预防，所以选项A为正确答案。
40.【答案】D
【题干】早期癌症普查能够显著降低________。
A.所有慢性疾病的死亡率
B.癌症对人类的攻击
C.癌症的发病率
D.癌症的死亡率
【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词early screening定位原文最后一段“If such cancers were all caught by early screening，the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.”意为“如果癌症能够在早期进行普查，那么估计癌症的存活率将上升到95%。”也就是说降低癌症的死亡率，所以选项D为正确答案。
41.【答案】A
【题干】下列哪些因素推动了德国的繁荣?
A.技术转化。
B.良好的管理。
C.工作努力。
D.激烈的竞争。
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词 German prosperity可以定位到第一段“And though German prosperity has faltered over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit”，即“尽管德国的繁荣因为统一东德和西德的巨大成本和全球经济的衰退而开始衰落。但是它仍旧因为其将想法变成利益而拥有令人羡慕的记录”，由此可知，德国繁荣的原因之一就是将想法变成利润，即把理论转化为技术，所以A为正确答案。
42.【答案】B
【题干】下列有关传统大学研究的说法不正确的是哪一项?
A.它是免费的。
B.它是受利益驱动的。
C.它是广泛普及的。
D.它是受好奇心强驱动的。
【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词traditional university research可以定位到第三段“…then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity—driven free and widely available will suffer”，即“属于好奇心驱动的、免费的和可广泛获得的大学研究的传统原则将受到不良影响”，所以正确答案为B。
43.【答案】C
【题干】Fraunhofer组织是________最大的应用技术的组织。
A.亚洲
B.美国
C.欧洲
D.非洲
【解析】细节题。利用题干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in 1949，the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organisation for applied technology”，即“Fraunhofer成立于1949年，是目前欧洲最大的应用技术的组织”，可知答案为C。
44.【答案】D
【题干】Fraunhofer成立于什么时候?
A.1940年。
B.去年。
C.德国统一后。
D.1949年。
【解析】细节题。利用题干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in l949，the Fraunhofer Society…”，所以D为正确答案。
45.【答案】D
【题干】第三行“expertise”的意思是________。
A.专家
B.科学家
C.学家
D.专门知识
【解析】词汇题。expertise意为“专门知识，专门技术”，所以答案为D。
第5部分：补全短文
A.无线麦克风附着在狗项圈上，将信息发送到由主人持有的小工具上。
B.没有人真正知道狗的感觉。
C.紧接着是“我比你强”，在狗咆哮并嗅游客时。
D.更多消费者期待英文版本何时推出。
E.现在，日本女孩认为她们知道。
F.每种情绪都连接了一个短语，像“让我们一起玩”，“看看我”，或者是“花更多的时间陪陪我”。
46.【答案】E
【解析】从原文来看，文章的第一句话提出了Kimiko Fukuda一直在想的一件事，即狗究竟想表达什么。紧接着应该给出一个答案是比较符合逻辑的。所以正确答案为选项E。
47.【答案】D
【解析】从原文来看，上一句话说的是30万日本养狗人已经买了人狗翻译机。符合逻辑的一步是更多的人还会买，所以选项D是正确答案。
镐.【答案】A
【解析】从原文来看，上一句说的是Bowlingual这个装置有两个部分。接着应该是具体说明。选项A是对装置的具体说明，所以放在这里符合语境。
49.【答案】F
【解析】从原文来看，第五段的第一句话说的是：根据动物行为研究，这些杂音可以分成六类：幸福;悲痛;受挫;气愤;声称;欲望。因为是人狗翻译机，这些情感还需要跟人的话对应起来。所以选项F为正确答案。
50.【答案】C
【解析】从原文来看，上一句话说的是，当一个客人最近来到Fukuda的屋时，狗大声地叫着“bowwow”的声音。因为是在讲人狗翻译机，下面一句话应该讲的是它的翻译。所以选项C为正确答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答案】C
【题干】他的产品与其竞争对手________产品没有什么不同，所以如果他的价格高于市场价格，则他就卖不出去。
A.到，向
B.在……
C.关于，属于，……的
D.在……上，关于
【解析】考查介词。四个选项分别代入，这里表示所属关系，所以答案为C。
52.【答案】A
【题干】他的产品与其竞争对手的产品没有什么不同，所以如果他的价格高于市场价格，则他就卖不出去，而如果他的要价与市场价格一样或________市场价格，他就可以卖掉全部产品。
A.……之下
B.在下方
C.超过，在……之上
D.在……之上
【解析】考查介词。结合上下文语境，可知是低于市场价格，但是beneath强调有接触面，所以正确答案为A。
53.【答案】B
【题干】然而，在考虑价格时，他必须将生产的________考虑在内。
A.价格
B.成本，花费
C.价值
D.利益，利润
【解析】考查名词。四个选项分别代入后，cost和profit都可以，但是从后一句“There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost”，即“有时候他愿意以低于成本的价格出售”。由此可知，主要是讨论价格和成本的关系，所以答案为B。
54.【答案】C
【题干】当价格因为他认为是短期的那些因素而下跌的时候，这种情况就会发生 (以低于成本的价格卖出产品)。
【解析】这里考查的是宾语从句。这里“________he believes will be a short time”做的是介词for的宾语，而从句中will前面显然缺少了主语，所以用what引导。
55.【答案】A
【题干】但是，没有商人能________长期的赔本。
A.买得起，负担得起
B.假装
C.提供
D.尽力，尝试
【解析】考查动词。分别代入四个选项，结合上下文，afford符合原文语境，即商人们都禁不起长期的赔本，故正确答案为A。
56.【答案】C
【题干】他必须经常________涉及市场价格的成本，如果他要取得竞争的成功并获利。
A.确定的
B.害怕的，担心的.
C.意识到的，知道的
D.怀疑的
【解析】考查形容词。根据上下文语境，应该是为了在竞争中获胜和获利，必须要关注市场价格，故答案为C。
57.【答案】D
【题干】________在特定行业和特定水平上，大量生产使得成本降低变成现实，逻辑和实践经历都已经说明超过一定生产水平后，每个单位的成本开始增加。
A.因为
B.自从，既然
C.当……时候
D.当……时候，虽然，但是
【解析】考查状语从句。前后分句之间应该为转折关系，故正确答案为D。
58.【答案】A。
【题干】警察也必须同意修改身份证上的性别在________发生之前。
A. 两者都
B. B.两者都不
C. C.没有人
D. D.任何人
【解析】考查代词。根据上下文语境，logic和practical之间为并列关系，所以用both…and…，正确答案为A。
59.【答案】B
【题干】一些经济学家将这个原则________为增加成本法则。
A. 诉诸，求助(resort to)
B. B.指代，参考(refer to)
C. C.转向，求助(turn to)
D. D.照顾，照料(attend to)
【解析】考查短语。refer to A as B意为“将A称之为B”为固定搭配，其他三个选项代入后都不符合语境，所以正确答案为B。
60.【答案】D
【题干】成本随着产量增长而增长的原因是________。
A.清楚的
B.简单的
C.苦难的
D.复杂的
【解析】考查形容词。后一句的连接词为however，可知前后之间为转折关系。后一句说的是“it is easy…”，所以本题选择D。
61.【答案】B
【题干】随着产量的上升，生产的额外因素的需求就会随之增加，________市场上生产因素的竞标。
A.带来
B.导致
C.包括
D.开展，执行
【解析】考查名词。四个选项分别代入后，根据上下文语境，前后分句之间为因果关系，所以正确答案为B。
62.【答案】C
【题干】如果一个生产者需要________技术熟练的劳动力来提高产量，那么没有人会失业。
A.较少的
B.无数的
C.更多的
D.许多的
【解析】考查形容词。根据上下文语境，应该需要更多的劳动力来提高产量，由此more比较符合语境，所以正确答案为C。
63.【答案】C
【题干】如果一个生产者需要更多技术熟练的劳动力来提高产量，那么没有人会失业，生产者将不得不从其他来源中得到________。
A.它们
B.这些
C.它
D.那些
【解析】考查代词。根据上下文语境，应该是得到劳动力，这里labor用的是单数，所以用it来表示指代。
64.【答案】A
【题干】这可以通过________高工资而做到。
A.提供
B.削减，切开
C.减少，缩减
D.有
【解析】考查动词。从前一句可知是要得到技术熟练的劳动力，可见需要提供高工资才能得到，所以正确答案为A。
65.【答案】B
【题干】我们必须意识到并非所有的劳动力都是同样地高生产效率，________并非所有的土地都一样地肥沃以及并非所有的矿石都一样地富含矿物质。
A.好像
B.正如，如同
C.因为
D.当……时候，虽然，但是
【解析】考查状语从句。四个选项分别代入后，just as比较符合语境，所以正确答案为B。
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