全国职称英语等级考试试题理工类

全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）

第一部分　阅读理解　(75分)
Passage　1
CATV　is　a　short　way　of　saying　"community　antenna　(天线)　television."　But　"cable　television"　is　the　term　most　people　use.　Cable　television　allows　viewers　to　receive　TV　programs　that　they　cannot　pick　up　with　their　regular　antennas.
Television　signals　do　not　follow　the　curve　(曲线)　of　the　earth.　They　travel　in　straight　lines　in　all　directions.　Signals　from　a　TV　station　move　toward　the　horizon　(水平线)　and　then　go　into　space.　If　you　live　only　a　few　miles　from　a　station,　you　may　not　get　any　picture　at　all.
CATV　began　in　1948.　People　in　places　far　from　TV　stations　shared　the　cost　of　putting　up　high　antennas.　A　community　antenna　was　usually　placed　on　a　hill,　a　mountain,　or　on　a　high　tower.　The　antenna　picked　up　TV　signals　and　fed　them　into　a　small　local　station.　From　the　station,　thick　wires　called　cables　ran　out　to　nearby　homes.　Each　person　using　the　cable　paid　a　monthly　charge.
CATV　worked　well,　and　soon　new　uses　were　found　for　it.　Local　stations　could　feed　programs　into　empty　channels　that　were　not　in　use.　People　along　the　cable　could　have　local　news,　weather　reports,　and　farm　and　school　news　at　no　extra　charge.
Today,　cable　television　has　moved　into　cities.　It　brings　in　extra　programs　that　city　viewers　with　regular　antennas　cannot　see.　It　is　also　used　in　many　classrooms　throughout　the　country.

1.　From　the　first　paragraph　we　know　that　________.
○A.　most　people　use　cable　television
○B.　"community　antenna"　is　another　name　for　"regular　antenna"
○C.　a　community　antenna　is　used　for　cable　television
○D.　regular　antennas　cannot　pick　up　TV　signals　programs


2.　Of　the　following,　which　is　NOT　the　way　TV　signals　travel?
○A.　In　a　curve.
○B.　In　a　straight　line.
○C.　In　all　direction.
○D.　Toward　the　horizon.


3.　Cable　TV　is　becoming　more　and　popular　because　_____________.
○A.　it　is　free　of　charge
○B.　it　can　provide　more　programs
○C.　it　provides　all　TV　users　good　pictures
○D.　TV　sets　with　regular　antennas　can　also　have　a　good　reception　through　CATV
4.　On　the　whole,　this　passage　is　about　________.
○A.　how　to　put　up　high　antennas
○B.　a　way　of　picking　up　better　TV　programs
○C.　how　to　use　the　empty　channels　on　your　TV　set
○D.　the　way　that　TV　signals　are　sent


5.　From　the　passage　we　can　infer　that　__________.
○A.　TV　has　begun　to　be　used　for　educational　purposes
○B.　there　is　no　charge　for　CATV
○C.　cable　TV　cannot　be　used　in　mountainous　areas
○D.　antennas　for　cable　TV　are　usually　put　up　in　the　center　of　a　community


Passage　2
In　earliest　times,　men　considered　lightning　to　be　one　of　the　great　mysteries　of　nature.　Some　ancient　people　believed　that　lightning　and　thunder　were　the　weapons　of　the　gods.
In　reality,　lightning　is　a　flow　of　electricity　formed　high　above　the　earth.　A　single　flash　of　lightning　1.6　kilometers　long　has　enough　electricity　to　light　one　million　light　bulbs.
The　American　scientist　and　statesman,　Benjamin　Franklin,　was　the　first　to　show　the　connection　between　electricity　and　lightning　in　1752.　In　the　same　year　he　also　built　the　first　lightning　rod.　This　device　protects　buildings　from　damage　by　lightning.
Modern　science　has　discovered　that　one　stroke　of　lighting　contains　more　than　15　million　volts.　A　spark　between　a　cloud　and　the　earth　may　be　as　long　as　13　kilometers,　and　travel　at　a　speed　of　30　million　meters　per　second.
Scientists　estimate　that　there　are　about　2000　million　flashes　of　lightning　per　year.　Lightning　hits　the　Empire　State　Building　in　New　York　City　30　to　48　times　a　year.　In　the　United　States　along　it　kills　an　average　of　one　person　every　day.
The　safest　place　to　be　in　case　of　an　electrical　storm　is　in　a　closed　car.　Outside,　one　should　go　to　low　ground　and　not　get　under　trees.　Also,　one　should　stay　out　of　water　and　away　from　metal　fences.　Inside　a　house,　people　should　avoid　open　doorways　and　windows　and　not　touch　wires　or　metal　things.
With　lightning,　it　is　better　to　be　safe　than　sorry!

6.　Lightning　is　really　__________.
○A.　weapon
○B.　electricity
○C.　light
○D.　mystery

7.　People　once　though　that　lightning　came　from　__________.
○A.　scientists
○B.　ground
○C.　lightning　rod
○D.　gods


8.　One　flash　of　lightning　can　produce　enough　electricity　for　______　bulbs.
○A.　10,000
○B.　1,000
○C.　1,000,000
○D.　100


9.　Benjamin　Franklin　___________.
○A.　made　the　first　lightning　rod
○B.　invented　electricity
○C.　built　the　Empire　State　Building
○D.　prevented　Lightning　from　hitting　cars


10.　_________　is　the　best　place　to　be　during　an　electrical　storm.
○A.　Swimming　pool
○B.　a　high　ground
○C.　Under　a　tree
○D.　A　car


Passage　3
Because　of　the　energy　crisis,　scientists　in　the　oil-consuming　nations　have　become　increasingly　interested　in　the　potential(潜在的)　of　solar　energy.　Some　experts　estimate　that　the　present　supply　of　fossil　(化石)　fuel　will　not　last　until　the　end　of　the　twentieth　century.　The　problem　that　solar　energy　researchers　face　is　how　to　harness　(利用)　the　sun#39;s　energy　effectively　and　inexpensively.　One　of　the　most　popular　methods　currently　being　tested　uses　rooftop　solar　collectors　and　underground　storage　tanks.　An　advantage　of　a　properly　working　system　of　this　type　is　that　it　will　not　create　any　environmental　pollution.　Another　advantage　of　using　solar　energy　is　that　the　cost　of　the　fuel-the　sun#39;s　rays-is　zero.　When　a　solar　heating　system　is　working　at　maximum　(最大的)　efficiency,　it　can　provide　up　to　80　percent　of　winter　heating　needs.

11.　The　main　topic　of　this　passage　is　__________.
○A.　the　shortage　of　fossil　fuel
○B.　the　problems　that　energy　researchers　face
○C.　an　environmental　pollution　problem
○D.　an　inexpensive　energy　source


12.　One　popular　solar　heating　system　makes　use　of　__________.
○A.　roof　collectors　and　underground　storage
○B.　fossil　fuel　conversion
○C.　underground　oil　tanks
○D.　water　collection　and　evaporation


13.　The　cost　of　using　the　sun#39;s　rays　for　heating　is　___________.
○A.　about　the　same　as　the　cost　of　fossil　fuels
○B.　several　hundred　dollars　per　year
○C.　negligible　compared　with　other　energy　sources
○D.　determined　by　the　severity　of　the　winter


14.　Which　of　the　following　describes　an　advantage　of　using　solar　energy?
○A.　There　is　little　or　no　environmental　pollution.
○B.　A　large　percentage　of　fuel　costs　can　be　saved.
○C.　Fossil　fuels　will　become　more　plentiful.
○D.　The　oil-consuming　nations　will　not　have　to　import　oil.


15.　According　to　some　experts,　the　supply　of　fossil　fuel　will　not　last　_______.
○A.　one　more　century
○B.　an　indeterminable　time
○C.　until　the　end　of　this　century
○D.　indefinitely


第二部分　完成句子　(25分)
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。
Not　long　ago,　an　airplane　was　flying　over　New　Zealand.　There　was　a　television　camera　crew　on　board.　Suddenly,　out　in　the　night　sky,　a　bright　sphere　(球体)　came　into　view.　Everyone　on　board　saw　it　and　everyone　though,　"UFO"-Unidentified　Flying　Object.　The　camera　crew　went　into　action　and　started　filming.　That　week　people　all　over　the　world　saw　the　film　of　this　mysterious　light　on　their　television　screens.　What　was　it?　Was　it　a　spaceship　full　of　visitors　from　another　planet?　The　captain　of　the　aeroplane　and　the　film　crew　believed　it　was.　Other　observers　had　many　different　explanations.　Some　said　it　was　Venus　(金星).　Others　said　it　was　just　a　trick　of　light.
An　air　traffic　controller　also　saw　it　on　his　radar　screen.　He　thought　that　a　flock　of　birds　was　causing　dots　on　his　radar　screen　when　the　"UFO"　appeared.
Most　astronomers　now　believe　that　what　these　people　saw　was　almost　certainly　the　planet　Venus.　At　that　time　of　year　it　is　very　bright　and　easy　to　see.　And　from　a　moving　aeroplane　it　can　appear　to　be　moving　fast.　So　far　there　is　no　proof　that　UFOs　or　spaceships　from　other　planets　do　exist.　These　years　investigators　of　UFOs　have　investigated　thousands　of　sighting-or　occasions　when　people　said　they　saw　a　UFO.　Ninety　per　cent　of　these　turned　out　to　have　a　simple　explanation.
However,　it#39;s　good　idea　to　keep　an　open　mind.　Scientists　in　some　countries　are　trying　to　persuade　their　governments　to　help　them　study　UFOs.　And　they　are　planning　to　cooperate　inter-nationally　on　reporting　and　investigating　sightings　of　UFOs.
After　all,　it　is　quite　possible　that　there　is　life　out　there　in　the　universe.　And　if　something　is　alive,　it　is　quite　possible　that　it　will　come　to　visit　us.

16.　The　captain　and　the　camera　crew　believed　that　UFO　was　a　v　spaceship　from　another　planet.

17.　Many　o　believed　that　the　UFO　was　Venus.

18.　So　far　there　is　no　proof　that　UFOs　are　sp　from　outer　space.

19.　Some　scientists　in　the　world　are　planning　to　do　some　r　on　UFOs.

20.　P　life　in　the　universe　may　try　to　make　a　visit　to　us.


第三部分　阅读理解　(80分)
Passage　1
In　recent　years,　scientific　and　technological　developments　have　drastically　changed　human　life　on　our　planet,　as　well　as　our　views　both　of　ourselves　as　individuals　in　society　and　of　the　universe　as　a　whole.　Maybe　one　of　the　most　profound　developments　of　the　last　decade　is　the　discovery　of　recombinant　DNA　technology,　which　allows　scientists　to　introduce　genetic　(遗传学的)　material　(or　genes)　from　one　organism　into　another.　In　its　simplest　form,　the　technology　requires　the　isolation　of　a　piece　of　DNA,　either　directly　from　the　DNA　of　the　organism　under　study,　or　artificially　synthesized　from　an　DNA.　This　piece　of　DNA　is　then　ligated　(结扎)　to　a　fragment　of　bacterial　DNA　which　has　the　capacity　to　replicate　(复制)　itself　independently.　The　recombinant　molecule　thus　produced　can　be　introduced　into　the　common　intestinal　(内部的)　bacterium　Escherishchia　coli,　which　can　be　grown　in　very　large　amounts　in　synthetic　media.　Under　proper　conditions,　the　foreign　gene　will　not　only　replicate　in　the　bacteria,　but　also　express　itself,　through　the　process　of　transcription　and　translation,　to　give　rise　to　large　amounts　of　the　specific　protein　coded　by　the　foreign　gene.
The　technology　has　already　been　successfully　applied　to　the　production　of　several　therapeutically　(疗法的)　important　biomolecules,　such　as,　growth　hormones,　interferon,　insulin.
Many　other　important　applications　are　under　detailed　investigation　in　laboratories　throughout　the　world.

21.　Recombinant　DNA　technology　consists　primarily　of　____________.
○A.　producing　several　therapeutically　important　biomolecules
○B.　giving　rise　to　large　amounts　of　protein
○C.　introducing　genetic　material　from　one　organism　into　another
○D.　using　a　viral　enzyme　called　reverse　transcriptase


22.　Recombinant　DNA　technology　has　been　used　in　the　production　of　all　of　the　following　biomolecules　except　___________.
○A.　growth　hormones
○B.　Escherishchia　coli
○C.　interferon
○D.　insulin


23.　Which　of　the　following　is　not　true?
○A.　The　foreign　gene　will　replicate　in　the　bacteria,　but　it　will　not　express　itself　through　transcription　and　translation.
○B.　The　bacterium　Escherishchia　coli　can　be　grown　in　large　amounts　in　synthetic　media.
○C.　Research　continues　in　an　effort　to　find　other　uses　for　this　technology.
○D.　Recombinant　DNA　technology　is　a　recent　development.


24.　Expression　of　a　gene　in　Escherishchia　coli　requires　________.
○A.　the　viral　enzyme　reverse　transcriptase
○B.　the　processes　of　transcription　and　translation
○C.　production　of　insulin　and　other　biomolecules
○D.　that　the　bacteria　be　grown　in　a　synthetic　media


25.　The　term　recombinant　is　used　because　___________.
○A.　by　ligation,　a　recombinant　molecule　is　produced,　which　has　the　capacity　of　replication
○B.　the　technique　requires　the　combination　of　several　types　of　technology
○C.　by　ligation,　a　recombinant　protein　is　produced,　part　of　whose　amino　acids　come　from　different　organism
○D.　Escherishchia　coli　is　a　recombinant　organism


Passage　2
Watch　a　baby　between　six　and　nine　months　old,　and　you　will　observe　the　basic　concepts　of　geometry　being　learned.　Once　the　baby　has　mastered　the　idea　that　space　is　three　-　dimensional,　it　reaches　out　and　begins　grasping　various　kinds　of　objects.　It　is　then,　from　perhaps　nine　to　fifteen　months,　that　the　concepts　of　sets　and　numbers　are　formed.　So　far,　so　good.　But　now　ominous　(不祥的)　development　takes　place.　The　nerve　fibers　in　the　brain　insulate　(使隔离)　themselves　in　such　a　way　that　the　baby　begins　to　hear　sounds　very　precisely.　Soon　it　picks　up　language,　and　it　is　then　brought　into　direct　communication　with　adults.　From　this　point　on,　it　is　usually　downhill　all　the　way　for　mathematics,　because　the　child　now　becomes　exposed　to　all　the　nonsense　words　and　beliefs　of　the　community　into　which　it　has　been　so　unfortunate　as　to　have　been　born.　Nature　having　done　very　well　by　the　child　now　becomes　exposed　to　all　the　nonsense　words　and　beliefs　of　to　this　point,　having　permitted　it　the　luxury　of　thinking　for　itself　for　eighteen　months,　now　abandons　it　to　the　arbitrary　conventions　and　beliefs　of　society.　But　at　least　the　child　knows　something　of　geometry　and　numbers,　and　it　will　always　retain　some　memory　of　the　early　halcyon　(平静的)　days　no　matter　what　vicissitudes　(变化)　it　may　suffer　later　on.　The　main　reservoir　of　mathematical　talent　in　any　society　is　thus　possessed　by　children　who　are　about　two　years　old.　Children　who　have　just　learned　to　speak　fluently.

26.　What　does　the　passage　mainly　discuss?
○A.　The　impact　of　language　on　mathematics.
○B.　Children#39;s　ability　to　learn　languages.
○C.　How　basic　concepts　of　physics　are　learned.
○D.　Math-learning　strategies　for　babies.


27.　According　to　the　passage,　which　of　following　activities　would　teach　a　baby　geometry?
○A.　Picking　up　a　wooden　block.
○B.　Recognizing　the　number　2.
○C.　Uttering　a　nonsense　word.
○D.　Looking　at　distant　objects.


28.　According　to　the　author,　at　what　age　does　a　child　probably　begin　to　learn　about　sets　and　numbers?
○A.　Six　months.
○B.　Nine　months.
○C.　Fifteen　months.
○D.　Eighteen　months.

29.　The　use　of　the　word　"ominous"　shows　that　the　author　believe　the　child#39;s　_____.
○A.　linguistic　future　is　threatened
○B.　nerves　will　deteriorate
○C.　hearing　will　suffer
○D.　mathematical　ability　all　decline


30.　The　passage　support　which　of　the　following　conclusions?
○A.　The　language　concepts　used　in　early　education　interfere　with　mathematical　reasoning.
○B.　It　is　hopeless　to　try　to　teach　children　mathematics　after　the　age　of　two.
○C.　Language　teaching　should　incorporate　some　mathematical　formulas.
○D.　Preschool　education　should　stress　society#39;s　beliefs　and　conventions


第四部分　概括大意　(20分)
给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。
31.　The　Solar　E　
The　sun　is　the　source　of　most　of　the　heat　known　to　us.　As　a　direct　source　of　heat,　the　sun　maintains　life　upon　this　planet,　150　000　000　kilometers　distant.　It　is　also　an　indirect　source　of　heat.　Since　the　earth　is　derived　from　the　sun,　it　is　the　latter　that　we　must　trace　some　of　the　earth#39;s　internal　heat　that　reveals　itself　through　volcanoes,　geysers　(喷泉),　and　hot　springs.


32.　Insects　and　Surface　T　
An　insect　is　not　afraid　of　gravity,　but　it　is　in　deadly　fear　of　another　force　of　nature.　This　force　is　called　surface　tension　(张力).　A　man　coming　out　of　a　bath　carries　with　him　a　film　of　water　about　one　fiftieth　of　an　inch　in　thickness.　This　weights　about　a　pound.　A　wet　mouse　has　to　carry　its　own　weight　in　water.　A　wet　fly　has　to　lift　many　times　its　own　weight,　and,　as　everyone　knows,　a　fly　once　wetted　by　water　or　any　other　liquid　is　in　a　very　serious　position　indeed.　An　insect　going　for　a　drink　is　in　as　great　danger　as　a　man　leaning　over　the　edge　of　a　cliff　in　search　of　food.　If　it　once　falls　into　the　grip　of　the　surface　tension　of　the　water　-　that　is　to　say,　gets　wet　it　is　likely　to　remain　so　until　it　drowns.　A　few　insects　contrive　to　be　unwettable;　the　majority　keep　away　from　their　drink　by　means　of　long　proboscis　(喙).

33.　T　of　Boiling　Point　of　Liquids
When　the　temperature　of　a　liquid　is　raised　enough,　the　liquid　boils.　This　means　that　bubbles　of　vapor,　containing　millions　of　molecules　form　below　the　surface.　In　order　for　such　bubbles　to　be　produced,　the　pressure　of　the　vapor　inside　them　must　be　equal　to　the　pressure　of　the　air　upon　the　surface　of　the　liquid.　If　the　air　pressure　is　greater,　the　bubble　will　collapse.　The　boiling　point　of　a　liquid,　then,　is　the　temperature　at　which　the　vapor　pressure　of　the　liquid　is　equal　to　the　atmospheric　pressure　upon　the　liquid　at　the　surface.


34.　E　and　Contraction
Solids　also　expand　with　increase　in　temperature　and　contract　when　cooled.　But　they　do　not　behave　quite　so　uniformly　(相同地)　in　this　respect　as　liquids　and　gases　do,　particularly　in　the　case　of　wide　variations,　in　temperature.　Most　solids　expend　or　contract　by　a　definite　amount　for　every　degree　of　the　temperature　that　rises　or　falls.　The　amount　by　which　on　substance　expands　and　contracts　for　one　degree　is　not　usually　the　same　as　that　for　a　different　substance.　Thus,　for　a　given　rise　in　temperature,　a　piece　of　brass　expands　at　little　more　than　a　piece　of　copper　and　much　more　than　a　piece　of　steel　of　the　same　size.


35.　A　of　Electric　Trains
Electric　trains　have　many　advantages　over　those　drawn　by　steam　engines.　There　is　no　smoke　to　soil　the　passengers#39;　clothes　and　the　cushions　in　the　train.　Because　they　carry　no　heavy　loads　of　coal　and　water,　these　trains　can　start　and　stop　with　less　waste　of　power.　In　a　station　they　are　silent:　there#39;s　no　steam　to　produce　noise　to　deafen　the　passengers.


第五部分　阅读理解　(120分)
Passage　1
In　the　atmosphere,　carbon　dioxide　acts　rather　like　a　one-way　mirror…the　glass　in　the　roof　a　green　house　which　allows　the　sun#39;s　rays　to　enter　but　prevents　the　heat　from　escaping.
According　to　a　weather　expert#39;s　prediction,　the　atmosphere　will　be　7oC　warmer　in　the　year　2050　than　it　is　today,　if　man　continues　to　burn　fuels　at　the　present　rate.　If　this　warming　up　took　place,　the　ice　capes　in　the　poles　would　begin　to　melt,　thus　raising　sea　level　several　metres　and　severely　flooding　coastal　cities.　Also,　the　increase　in　atmospheric　temperature　would　lead　to　great　changes　in　the　climate　of　the　northern　hemisphere,　possibly　resulting　in　an　alteration　of　the　earth#39;s　chief　food-growing　zones.
In　the　past,　concern　about　a　man　-　made　warming　of　the　earth　has　concentrated　on　the　Arctic　because　the　Antarctic　is　much　colder　and　has　a　much　thicker　ice　sheet.　But　the　weather　experts　are　now　paying　more　attention　to　West　Antarctic,　which　may　be　affected　by　only　a　few　degrees　of　warming:　in　other　words,　by　a　warming　on　the　scale　that　will　possibly　take　place　in　the　next　fifty　years　from　the　burning　of　fuels.
Satellite　pictures　show　that　large　areas　of　Antarctic　ice　are　already　disappearing.　The　evidence　available　suggests　that　a　warming　has　taken　place.　This　fits　the　theory　that　carbon　Dioxide　warms　the　earth.
However,　most　of　the　fuel　is　burnt　in　the　northern　hemisphere,　where　temperatures　seem　to　be　falling.　Scientists　conclude,　therefore,　that　up　to　now　natural　influences　on　the　weather　have　exceeded　those　caused　by　man.　The　question　is.　Which　natural　cause　has　the　most　effect　on　the　weather?　
One　possibility　is　the　variable　behavior　of　the　sun.　Astronomers　at　one　research　station　have　studied　the　hot　spots　and　"cold"　spots　(that　is,　the　relatively　less　hot　spots)　on　the　sun.　As　the　sun　rotates,　every　27.5　days,　it　presents　hotter　or　"colder"　faces　to　the　earth,　and　different　aspects　to　different　parts　of　the　earth.　This　seems　to　have　a　considerable　affect　on　the　distribution　of　the　earth#39;s　atmospheric　pressure,　and　consequently　on　wind　circulation.　The　sun　is　also　variable　over　a　long　term:　its　heat　output　goes　up　and　down　in　cycles,　the　latest　trend　being　downward.
Scientists　are　now　finding　mutual　relations　between　models　of　solar　-　weather　interactions　and　the　actual　climate　over　many　thousands　of　years,　including　the　last　Ice　Age.　The　problem　is　that　the　models　are　predicting　that　the　world　should　be　entering　a　new　Ice　Age　and　it　is　not.　One　way　of　solving　this　theoretical　difficulty　is　to　assume　a　default　of　thousands　of　yeas　while　the　solar　effects　overcome　the　inertia　(惯性)　of　the　earth#39;s　climate.　If　this　is　right,　the　warming　effect　of　carbon　dioxide　might　thus　be　serving　as　a　useful　counter　-　balance　to　the　suns　diminishing　heat.

36.　It　can　concluded　that　a　concentration　of　carbon　dioxide　in　the　atmosphere　would　____________.
○A.　prevent　the　sun#39;s　rays　from　reaching　the　earth#39;s　surface
○B.　mean　a　warming　up　in　the　Arctic
○C.　account　for　great　changes　in　the　climate　in　the　northern　hemisphere
○D.　raise　the　temperature　of　the　earth#39;s　surface


37.　The　article　was　written　to　explain　_________.
○A.　the　greenhouse　effect
○B.　the　solar　effects　on　the　earth
○C.　the　models　of　solar-weather　in　traction#39;s
○D.　the　causes　affecting　weather


38.　Although　the　fuel　consumption　is　greater　in　the　northern　hemisphere,　temperatures　there　seem　to　be　falling.　This　is　________.
○A.　mainly　because　the　levels　of　carbon　dioxide　are　rising
○B.　possibly　because　the　ice　caps　in　the　poles　are　melting
○C.　exclusively　due　to　the　effect　of　the　inertia　of　the　earth#39;s　climate
○D.　partly　due　to　variations　in　the　output　of　solar　energy


39.　On　the　basis　of　their　models,　scientists　are　of　the　opinion　that　__________.
○A.　the　climate　of　the　world　should　be　becoming　cooler
○B.　it　will　take　thousands　of　years　for　the　inertia　of　the　earth#39;s　climate　to　take　effect
○C.　the　man-made　warming　effect　helps　to　increase　the　solar　effects
○D.　the　new　Ice　Age　will　be　delayed　by　the　greenhouse　effect


40.　If　the　assumption　about　the　delay　of　a　new　Ice　Age　is　correct,　__________.
○A.　the　best　way　to　overcome　the　cooling　effect　would　be　to　burn　more　fuels
○B.　ice　would　soon　cover　the　northern　hemisphere
○C.　the　increased　levels　of　carbon　dioxide　in　the　atmosphere　could　warm　up　the　earth　even　more　quickly
○D.　the　greenhouse　effect　could　work　to　the　advantage　of　the　earth


Passage　2
For　me,　scientific　knowledge　is　divided　into　mathematical　sciences,　natural　sciences　or　sciences　dealing　with　the　natural　world　(physical　and　biological　sciences),　and　sciences　dealing　with　mankind　(psychology,　sociology,　all　the　sciences　of　cultural　achievements,　every　kind　of　historical　knowledge).　Apart　from　these　sciences　is　philosophy,　about　which　we　will　talk　later.　In　the　first　place,　all　this　is　pure　or　theoretical　knowledge,　sought　only　for　the　purpose　of　understanding,　in　order　to　fulfill　the　need　to　understand　what　is　intrinsic　(内在的)　and　consubstantial　(同体的)　to　man.　What　distinguishes　man　from　animal　is　that　he　knows　and　needs　to　know.　If　man　did　not　know　that　the　world　existed,　and　that　the　world　was　of　a　certain　kind,　that　he　was　in　the　world　and　that　he　himself　was　of　a　certain　kind,　he　wouldn#39;t　be　man.　The　technical　aspects　or　applications　of　knowledge　are　equally　necessary　for　man　and　are　of　the　great　importance,　because　they　also　contribute　to　defining　him　as　man　and　permit　him　to　pursue　a　life　increasingly　more　truly　human.
But　even　while　enjoying　the　results　of　technical　progress,　he　must　defend　the　primacy　(第一位)and　autonomy　of　pure　knowledge.　Knowledge　sought　directly　for　its　practical　applications　will　have　immediate　and　foreseeable　success,　but　not　the　kind　of　important　result　whose　revolutionary　scope　is　in　large　part　unforeseen,　except　by　the　imagination　of　the　Utopians　(空想家).　Let　me　recall　a　well-known　example.　If　the　Greek　mathematicians　had　not　applied　themselves　to　the　investigation　of　conic　(圆椎形的)　sections,　zealously　and　without　the　least　suspicion　that　it　might　someday　be　useful,　it　would　not　have　been　possible　centuries　later　to　navigate　far　from　shore.　The　first　men　to　study　the　nature　of　electricity　could　not　imagine　that　their　experiments,　carried　on　because　of　mere　intellectual　curiosity,　would　eventually　lead　to　modern　electrical　technology,　without　which　we　can　scarcely　conceive　of　contemporary　life.　Pure　knowledge　is　valuable　for　its　own　sake,　because　the　human　spirit　cannot　resign　itself　to　ignorance.　But,　in　addition,　it　is　the　foundation　for　practical　results　that　would　not　have　been　reached　if　this　knowledge　had　not　been　sought　disinterestedly　(公正无私地).

41.　The　most　important　advances　made　by　mankind　come　from　__________.
○A.　technical　applications
○B.　apparently　useless　information
○C.　the　natural　sciences
○D.　philosophy


42.　In　the　paragraph　the　follows　this　passage,　we　may　expect　the　author　to　discuss　________.
○A.　the　value　of　technical　research
○B.　the　value　of　pure　research
○C.　philosophy
○D.　unforeseen　discoveries


43.　The　author　points　out　that　the　Greeks　who　studied　conic　sections　__________.
○A.　were　mathematicians
○B.　were　interested　in　navigation
○C.　were　unaware　of　the　value　of　their　studies
○D.　worked　with　electricity


44.　The　title　below　that　best　expresses　the　ideas　of　passage　is　__________.
○A.　A　Little　Learning　Is　a　Dangerous　Thing
○B.　Man#39;s　Distinguishing　Characteristics
○C.　Learning　for　its　Own　Sake
○D.　The　Difference　between　Science　and　Philosophy


45.　The　practical　scientist　__________.
○A.　knows　the　value　of　what　he　will　discover
○B.　is　interested　in　the　unknown
○C.　knows　that　the　world　exists
○D.　conceives　of　contemporary　life


第六部分　完形填空　(30分)
根据短文在空白处填上适当的单词，该单词的第一个字母已经给出。
Electricity　is　such　a　part　of　our　everyday　lives　and　so　much　taken　for　g____46_____　nowadays　that　we　rarely　think　twice　when　s____47____　on　the　light　or　turn　on　the　radio.　At　night,　roads　are　brightly　l____48_____,　enabling　people　and　t____49____　to　move　freely.　Neon　(霓虹)　lighting　used　in　a　s_____50____　has　become　part　of　the　character　of　every　modern　city.　In　the　home,　many　labour-saving　devices　are　p_____51_____　by　electricity.
Even　when　we　turn　o______52____　the　beside　lamp　and　fast　asleep,　electricity　is　working　for　us,　driving　our　refrigerators,　heating　our　water,　or　k_____53____　our　rooms　air-conditioned.　Every　day,　trains,　trolley-buses　and　trams　take　us　to　and　from　work.　We　rarely　b____54____　to　consider　why　or　how　they　run-until　something　goes　w____55____.
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