自主招生考试英语试题
自主招生考试英语试题和答案
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Can you resist cream cakes? I miss my sugar! I’ve decided to lose weight and I had to give up cakes. It’s difficult because I have a sweet tooth and I love cream cakes.
Not having treats can be good for your health. I’ve heard that the Burts, a family of five in South East England，lived sugar free for a whole year after they found out their daughter had diabetes (糖尿 病).It wasn’t easy. To avoid temptation, I don’t go to any bakeries, but this family actually owns one, which makes up to 3 ,000 cakes a week.
They were in shock when the doctor said that their 16-year-old Lucy had to check her blood sugar levels regularly and take insulin (胰岛素). He advised her to eat a normal,balanced diet,but the Burts went further and got rid of sugar altogether.
And how does it feel to live without sugar for a while? Jason Burt said that for a month they felt weak. But later on it all changed. He says he feels “more awake” and full of energy.
And what about the Burt family business? It had to keep using half a ton of sugar a week and any cook worth his salt knows that you have to taste a recipe to know if it’s right. No problem there,says Jason Burt’s wife, Clare. She points out that she’s got lots of people offering to taste the cakes for them. The family is also thinking about selling more delicious products.
I wonder what makes us have a strong desire for sweet food. Anyway, I’ve decided to forget about the sweet taste of sugar for a while. As British model Kate Moss says：“Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels.”
21.From the passage, what do we know about the author?
A. The author runs a bakery.
B. The author hates sweet taste.
C. The author is on a diet.
D. The author’s daughter had diabetes.
22.What did the Burts do after hearing the doctor’s advice?
A.They were shocked.
B. They went too far about it.
C.They used half a ton of sugar a week.
D. They avoided sugar completely.
23.From the passage we can learn it is necessary for a cook .
A.to make up to 3 ,000 cakes a week
B.to taste a recipe to know if it’s right
C.to get lots of people offering to taste the cakes
D.to selling more delicious products
24.What does the sentence by Kate Moss mean?
A.It is worthwhile to resist food to look skinny.
B.There is nothing tasting as good as sweets.
C.Nothing tastes good when the skin feels terrible.
D.Nobody can resist the desire for sweets.
B
Parents will do anything for their children. Whether it would be the food, clothes, or the place they live in,parents will always make sure their children have the best of everything. One of the big-gest concerns that parents currently have is educating their children. They are faced with lots of diffi-culties when it comes to education for their young ones. Choices include private school, charter school,public school or home schooling.
Fortunately for parents，there are a variety of different strategies that they can take in order to in-crease their child’s overall intelligence. According to Ross A. Thompson, PhD, professor of psychol-ogy at the University of California at Davis, a child’s brain will actually reach 90% of its full size by the time they start kindergarten.
Researchers at Northwestern University in Chicago concluded that playing a musical instrument directly affected the brain stem, the lower section of the brain. Moreover, children that learn an in-strument at an early age tend to continue it when they are older. And numerous studies show that a well balanced meal is essential for a child’s mental as well as physical health. Some other researchers recommended that a second language should be taught when children are in preschool. They state that three to four years of age is the perfect time and that any age under four would work perfectly fine for a child’s brain development.
The average child will learn how to read between kindergarten and second grade. Many parents can give their children a jump start by teaching them to read before they start school. Children could have an adequate background of the alphabet and sounds of words before attending school. This can be done by simply reading to them whenever you want. The more comfortable they get,the easier the process will be.
25.From the first paragraph, we can infer that .
A.parents find it hard to satisfy their kids’ various demands
B.parents meet a new challenge when raising their kids
C.parents have more choices in offering education to their kids
D.parents get actively involved in the process of their kids’ growth
26.What suggestion may the researchers in the passage make?
A.To train kids as early as possible.
B.To try as many means as possible.
C.To help kids develop as fully as possible.
D.To use as many available resources as possible.
27.What does the third paragraph mainly discuss about?
A.The proper time to teach children to learn languages.
B.The effective ways to help develop children’s brains.
C.The vital factors to have a great effect on children's health.
D.The practical steps to arouse children’s interest in study.
28.We can replace the words “jump start” in the last paragraph with .
A.inspiration B. introduction
C. suggestion D. promotion
C
One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. This idea has inspired the award-winning photographer Andrew Zuckerman. He interviewed and took photos of fifty over-sixty-five-year-olds all over the world. His project explores various aspects of their lives. The photos and interviews are now available on our website.
Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.
Let us now have a culture of peace.
一Federico Mayor Zaragoza, Spain
Federico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy (药学)from the Complutense Uni- versity of Madrid in 1958. After many years spent in politics, he became Director-General of UNESCO in 1987. In 1999，he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace, of which he is now the president. In addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays.
Writing is a discovery.
一Nadine Gordimer，South Africa
Due to a weak heart, Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly. She read widely and began writing at an early age. She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works,which have been translated into forty languages.In 1991Gordimer won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Jazz is about the only form of art today.
—Dave Brubeck, USA
Dave Brubeck studied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942. After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz. In 1951,he recorded his first album (专辑).Brubeck’s 1959 album has become a jazz standard.He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.
For more figures CLICK HERE.
29.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?
A.Because their accomplishments inspired him.
B.Because they are physically impressive.
C.Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.
D.Because they have similar experiences.
30.According to the web page, Federico Mayor Zaragoza .
A.has won many awards for his work in politics
B.has served as the president of a university
C.has devoted all his life to the field of science
D.has made achievements in different areas
31.Who most probably said “My education has been the library and books” in the interview when re-flecting on his/her experience?
A. Andrew Zuckerman. B. Federico Mayor Zaragoza.
C.Nadine Gordimer. D. Dave Brubeck.
32.What is the main purpose of this web page?
A.To publicize Zuckerman’s project.
B.To show Zuckerman’s awards.
C.To spread the wisdom of the three people.
D.To celebrate the achievements of the three people.
D
As early as the mid-18th century, some people began raising doubts about Marco Polo’s travels. In 1995,historian Frances Wood argued in her book Did Marco Polo Go to China ? that the famous explorer from Venice never made it to pass the Black Sea. She noted that his travel journal left out the Great Wall of China,chopsticks and tea drinking among other details.Furthermore, Chinese documents from Polo’s day made no mention of the explorer and his men. Last year, a team of Italian researchers became the latest to challenge Polo’s accounts. They said that evidence didn’t support his description of Kublai Khan’s Japanese invasions (侵略).
Now, however, research by Hans Ulrich Vogel of Germany’s Tubingen University might help prove Marco Polo was true. In a new book Marco Polo Was in China，the professor of Chinese history tries to prove that Marco Polo spoke the truth. He suggests, for example, that Polo didn’t include the Great Wall in his book because it only achieved its great importance in the Ming Dynasty several hun-dred years later. Vogel further explains that Chinese records from the 13th and 14th centuries avoided setting down visits from Westerners.
Historians before him have touched on these issues. But Vogel also relies on another evidence:the explorer’s very detailed descriptions of currency and salt production in the Yuan Dynasty. Accord-ing to Vogel, Polo documented these aspects of Mongol Chinese culture in greater detail than any oth-er of his time. This is a hint that Polo relied on his own powers of observation.
Will we ever know whether Marco Polo traveled to China? Perhaps not, but the consequences of his real or fictional journey are still felt across the globe. One reader of The travels of Marco Polo was Christopher Columbus,who stepped upon the New World while following his idol’s footsteps.
33.France Wood doubted Marco Polo’s travel’s to China because his description .
A.missed some important culture of China
B. covered so much about traders’ life
C.was full of obvious mistakes
D. seemed less detailed
34.Vogel’s trust on Marco Polo is based on the argument that .
a.The Great Wall didn’ t gain its importance then
b.Records in the Yuan Dynasty mentioned Polo
c.Polo mentioned the currency and salt
d.Polo’s other works are believable
e.Polo recorded what he saw in great detail
A. a, b, d
B. a, c, d
C. a, e
D.b，c
35.Which of the following shows the structure of the text?
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余 选项。
Things You Should Stop Doing to Be Successful
Are you a happy person? How often do you think of reasons why everyone around you is success-ful though they are not better than you in general? What do you do wrong? Here are some things you should stop doing to be successful.
1. 36
Different people may interpret “success” in different ways： some of them measure it in money, other ones — in positive changes to people around them and the world in general. 37 Don’t wor-ry about what other people think but come after what makes you happy.
2.Do not believe anything without questioning it.
38 They are critical thinkers, and they understand that we all are ruled by our prejudices, so they will always question new information.
3.Do not worry about all unpredictable things that may happen to you.
If you want to be successful,stop thinking about everything that MAY happen to you. 39 Be ready to improve and change your deeds and decisions when things suddenly don’t go according to your plan.
4.Do not care about what other people think of you.
40 Your attempts to become “good” for everyone will turn into nothing but new worries, stresses, and problems. Successful people do not concentrate on the quantity of people to please, but worry about their quality and focus on developing friendships with people they really care about.
A.Do not wait for the “right time” to do anything.
B.Do not let others decide what “success” is for you.
C.Successful people do not just accept any new information to be true.
D.As far as we all know, it’s impossible to please all the people who surround us.
E.Try to feel comfortable with the reality and accept the fact your future can’t be predicted.
F.If you want to be successful, do not let others force their interpretation of success on you.
G.Successful people never ignore or avoid problems，no matter how big and awful they seem.
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
I was in the fifth grade when I first dipped my fingers into the endless ocean of expression and allowed my hands to grow a(n) 41 .
I remember my hands being sweaty as I wandered 42 into her classroom. From comer to corner,the 43 were decorated with clippings (剪报)and posters 44 Deafness and American Sign Language. Pictures of 45 hands hung from the bulletin boards (宣传牌).
Once the rest of my classmates 46 in their seats, she began. She did not speak. Her hands 47 about gracefully as she signed, “Hello. My name Ms. Lewison. Your name what?” These signs did not 48 until later that week，but still I sat upright at my desk,trying to figure them out. My entire first impression of her was “ 49 ”.
As months passed, my class transformed to an unusually large family. Ms. Lewison was like our 50 . When we were feeling troubled,we just let our 51 do the talking. The lesson became less about following the lesson itself and more about 52 .
Ms. Lewison performed a tough task. She 53 replaced all the ignorance in me with 54 Then she opened my 55 and opened it even wider. She would find time to turn me into a 56 signer. She taught me that there are no limits and my abilities are 57 .
Today my fingers have learned to 58 . Ms. Lewison pushed me 59 into the ocean of Deaf Culture and I have become a strong swimmer in diverse 60 .
自主招生考试特点和技巧
1.基础知识和基本技能仍是考查重点
基础知识、基本技能称之为“双基”。大家知道，能力与“双基”有着辩证关系。没有扎实的“双基”，能力培养就成了无源之水，无本之木。所以，“双基”训练是数学教学的重要任务之一。
综观复旦、交大、清华等高校近几年自主招生的数学题目，我们会发现有60%至70%的题目仍是比较基础的。例如近三年来上海交大卷的填空题都是10题(50分)，占试卷的一半，这些填空题比较常规，和高考试题难度相当。复旦卷有30题左右的选择题，也多半是学生平时训练过的一些比较熟悉的题型和知识点。
2.考查知识点的覆盖面广，但侧重点有所不同
复旦、交大等高校近几年自主招生的试题，知识点的覆盖面还是很广的，基本上涉及到高中数学大纲的所有内容。例如，函数、集合、数列、复数、三角、排列、组合、概率统计、向量、立体几何、解析几何等。
但高校自主招生试题命题是由大学完成的，更多会考虑到高等数学与初等数学的衔接，所以提请大家注意几个方面：
函数和方程问题、排列组合和概率统计等粗略统计，2008年复旦卷中与函数和方程有关的试题多达10题，占31%。
复数复数通常在高考中要求比较低，占的比分也较少，但在复旦卷中仍占有一席之地(2008年及2007年分别有2题和3题)。
矩阵和行列式这些知识虽然目前还未纳入高考范围，但由于是高等数学中非常重要的内容，近几年在复旦卷中每年都会出现。
以上各点，望能引起广大同学的注意。
当然由于上述同样的原因，尽管高考中解析几何是一个比较重要的内容，但在复旦卷中所占比例却较少，例如，2008年和2007年只有2题和1题。
3.注重数学知识和其他科目的整合，考查学生应用知识解决问题的能力
2008年交大冬令营数学试卷中有这样一个问题：
通信工程中常用n元数组(a1，a2，a3，……an)表示信息，其中ai=0或1，i、n∈N。设u=(a1，a2，a3，……an)，v=(b1，b2，b3，……bn)，d(u，v)表示u和v中相对应的元素不同的个数。
(1)u=(0,0，0,0，0)问存在多少个5元数组v使得d(u，v)=1
(2)u=(1,1，1,1，1)问存在多少个5元数组v使得d(u，v)=3
(3)令w=(01，04,02……0)，u=(a1，a2，a3……an)，v=(b1>，b2，b3……bn)
求证：d(u，w)+d(v，w)≥d(u,v)
此问题与计算机中的“二进制”有关。前两问是排列组合计数问题，尤其是第三问有一定的挑战性。可把d(u,v)转化为一个绝对值问题
4.突出对思维能力和解题技巧的考查
近几年的自主招生试卷中对数学思想方法和思维策略的考查达到了相当高的层次，有时甚至达到相当于数学竞赛的难度。
例如，2007年交大冬令营卷中有这样一个问题：
设f(x)=(1+a)x4+x3-(3a+2)x2-4a，试证明对任意实数a：
(1)方程f(x)=0总有相同实根
(2)存在x0，恒有f(x0)≠0
这两问解决的策略和方法是：换一个角度看成一个关于a的一次函数。
应试和准备策略
针对上述自主招生试题特点，学生复习时应注意以下几点：
1.注意知识点的全面
数学题目被猜中的可能性很小，一般知识点都靠平时积累，剩下的`就是个人的现场发挥。数学还是要靠平时扎扎实实的学习才能考出好成绩，因此，学生平时必须把基础知识打扎实。
另外，对上面提及的一些平时不太注意的小章节或高考不一定考的问题，如矩阵、行列式等也不可忽视。
2.适当做些近几年的自主招生的真题
俗话说：知己知彼，百战百胜。同学们可适当训练近几年自己所考的高校所出的自主招生试题，熟悉一下题型和套路。
3.注重知识的延伸和加深
复旦、交大、清华等全国重点院校自主招生试题比高考试题稍难，比数学竞赛试题又稍简单，有些问题稍有深度，这就要求考生平时注意知识点的延伸和加深。例如2008年复旦卷的第77题：
四十个学生参加数学奥林匹克竞赛。他们必须解决一个代数学问题、一个几何学问题以及一个三角学问题。具体情况如下表所述。
其中有三位学生一个问题都没有解决。问：三个问题都解决的学生数是()。
A.5B.6C.7D.8
此题若是用画图、文氏图等方法虽能解决，但花费时间较多。若是知题三个集合的容斥原理,|A∪B∪C|=|A|+|B|+|C|-(|A∩B|+|A∩C|+|B∩C|)+|A∩B∩C|，只要代入公式，马上就可解决。
又如第88题：
设x1,x2,x3是方程x3+x+2=0
此题若是知题三次方程的韦达定理，则也容易解决。而三次方程和韦达定理虽然可推导出来，但平时同学们对二次方程的韦达定理很熟悉，对三次方程则比较陌生。
又比如，柯西不等式可解决许多不等式问题，但由于目前上海高考不考，所以很多高中生对此不熟悉。
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