2016年中考英语试题名词的词义辨析汇编解析
2016年全国中考英语试题专题练习：名词的词义辨析
1、(2016•黑龙江)The Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议)will help China improve with those related countries，especially Pakistan.( )
A.relationship B.agreement
C.environment
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】一带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些(沿线)相关国家的关系，尤其是巴基斯坦.
【解答】答案：A;relationship关系; 联系;agreement协定，协议;environment环境，外界;根据常识，一带一路倡议将会加强与沿线国家的关系;故根据句中信息The Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议) will help China improve…with those related countries，especially Pakistan，推测该句句意：带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些(沿线)相关的国家的关系，尤其是巴基斯坦.故选A.
2、(2016•齐齐哈尔)-Can you tell me the of the novel?
-Yes，of course， is Mo Yan.( )
A.name，He B.writer，It C.name，It
【考点】名词的词义辨析;人称代词.
【分析】-你能告诉我这部小说的作者吗?
-是的，当然可以，它是莫言.
【解答】答案：B;根据答语Yes，of course，…is Mo Yan;推测上句句意：你能告诉我这部小说的作者吗?答语中的it指代小说的作者"writer of the novel"故选B.
3、(2016•连云港)-It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.
-Yes，it's a major way of _____ for them.( )
A.suggestion B.vacation
C.production D.communication
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-聋人学习手语是很有用的.
-是的，这是他们交流的一种主要方式.
【解答】答案：D;suggestion建议;vacation假期;production产品;communication交流;根据上句It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.推测下句句意：这是他们交流的一种主要方式;故选D.
4、(2016•宜昌)---The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015Nobel Prize.
---Her has saved millions of lives across the world.( )
A.victory B.story C.discovery D.industry
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】--中国科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年诺贝尔奖.
--她的发现挽救了世界上数以百万人的生命.
【解答】答案：C.
首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：胜利;B：故事;C：发现;D：工业; 联系她发现了青蒿素，根据语境和设空处后面的saved推测后面一句话 的句意是"她的发现挽救了世界上数以百万人的生命."，由此判断句子中缺少"发现"一词，故答案为C.
5、(2016•咸宁)--Tu Youyou recerved the Nobel Prize for her________of anemisinin(青蒿素).
--And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.( )
A.design B.thought C.invention D.discovery
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】--屠呦呦因为青蒿素的发现而获得了诺贝尔奖.
--她是在科学方面获奖的第一位中国人.
【解答】答案：D.
首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：设计;B：思想;C：发明;D：发现;注意invention与discovry的区别，前者指创造的前所未有的东西，后者强调发现已经存在的事物; 根据语境推测句意是"屠呦呦因为青蒿素的发现而获得了诺贝尔奖."，由此判断句子中缺少"发现"一词，故答案为D.
6、(2016•咸宁)--Michael，how much do you know about_________?
--people usually eat rice dumplings to remember Qu Yuan.( )
A.the Mid-Autumn Festival
B.the Spring Festival
C.the Dragon Boat Festival
D.the Lantern Festival
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】--Michael，关于端午节你了解多少?
--人们通常吃粽子来纪念屈原.
【解答】答案：C
首先明确选项中个节日的意思，A：中秋节;B：春节;C：端午节;D：元宵节; 根据答语的句意"人们通常吃粽子来纪念屈原."，判断问句中提到的节日是端午节，故答案为C.
7、(2016•盐城)Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your ，you must keep moving.( )
A.promise B.position C.balance D.ability
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】人生就像骑自行车，为了保持平衡，你必须不断前进.
【解答】答案：C;promise许诺;position位置;balance平衡;ability能力;根据上句Life is like riding a bicycle.推测下句句意：为了保持平衡，你必须不断前进.故选C.
8、(2016•永州)I think eating ____is good for health ( )
A.tomatoes B.bananaes C.egges
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】我认为吃西红柿对健康有益.
【解答】答案：A
题干是"我认为吃______对健康有益"，设空处单词如果是可数名词，应使用复数形式，选项B和C中的名词变复数应该在词尾直接加"-s"，tomato的复数形式是加"-es"，故选A.
9、(2016•西宁)A smart phone makes a big _______ to our life.( )
A.difference B.decision C.progress D.prediction
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】一部智能手机给我们的生活带来很大的影响.
【解答】答案：A;difference不同;decision决定;progress进步;prediction预言;根据句中的A smart phone makes a big _______ to our life推测该句句意：一个智能手机给我们的生活带来很大的影响.make a big difference=make much difference 造成很大差别;故选A.
10、(2016•泰州)-What____will you get after winning the competition in the programme Stay to the end(一站到底)?
-A free trip to Bali Island.( )
A.award B.attention C.advice D.ability
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-在《一站到底》这个节目中赢了比赛你会得到什么奖品?
-去巴厘岛的免费旅行.
【解答】答案：A
award奖品;attention注意;advice建议;ability能力;根据after winning the competition及A free trip to Bali Island.可知此处应为奖品，故选A.
11、(2016•济南)-Mike，what club do you want to join?
-Well，I want to join the club.I love painting.( )
A.chess B.sports C.art D.English
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】Mike，你想参加什么俱乐部?--我想参加美术俱乐部.我喜欢绘画.
【解答】答案：C 根据其后的"I love painting."(我喜欢绘画)，可知我是对美术方面感兴趣的.故我想参加的是美术俱乐部.chess棋;sports运动;art美术;English英语.故选C.
12、(2016•云南)If you don't know the to the science museum，here is a map of the city.( )
A.date B.way C.price D.time
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】如果你不知道去科学博物馆的路，这儿有一张城市地图.
【解答】答案：B;date日期;way道路;price价格;time时间;根据后面句意here is a map of the city推测上句句意：如果你不知道去科学博物馆的路;故选B.
13、(2016•荆州)-Can you tell me some about the Brazil Olympic Games?
-OK.Let me help you search the Internet.( )
A.service B.information
C.discussion D.success
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-你能告诉我一些关于巴西奥运会的信息吗?
-好的，让我帮你上网搜索一下.
【解答】答案：B;service服务;information信息;discussion讨论;success成功;根据答语Let me help you search the Internet;推测上述问句：你能告诉我一些关于巴西奥运会的信息吗?故选B
14、(2016•齐齐哈尔)The mobile phone sells for¥5，000，it is much more than its real .( )
A.cost B.value C.price
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】手机的售价为5000元，它比它的实际价值多的多.
【解答】答案：B;cost花费;value价值;price价格;根据上句The mobile phone sells for¥5，000手机的售价为5000元;推测下句句意：它比它的实际价值多的多;故选B.
15、(2016•东营)Great ______ for football lovers-more than 50，000soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025.( )
A.news B.message
C.situation D.information
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】足球爱好者的好消息：2025年前我国将会建立5万多所足球学校.
【解答】答案：A;A.news新闻，消息;B.message消息，信息;C.situation情境，形式;D.information消息，信息.Message，information是有关某事物的信息;news则指大的消息，新闻.根据句中的"2025年前我国将会建立50，000多所足球学校"可知是重大的新闻消息，用news.故选A
16、(2016•厦门)---The milk shake tastes good.How do you make it?
---It's easy，just follow the______.( )
A.discussions B.instructions
C.resolutions
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-奶昔的味道很好，你是怎么做的?
-这很容易，只要按照操作指南(去做).
【解答】答案：B;discussions商讨;instructions指示; 操作指南; 用法说明;resolutions解决;根据上句How do you make it?可知是询问制作奶昔的方法，推测答语应是按照操作指南(去做).故选B
17、(2016•阜康市)He has much ____as an engineer.So he can build the bridge successfully.( )
A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】他有做工程师的很多经验，所以他能成功地建这座桥.
【解答】答案：B;balance平衡;experience经验;surface表面;service服务;根据下句句意So he can build the bridge successfully推测上句句意：他有做工程师的很多经验;故选B.
18、(2016•黄冈)-Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony?
-Sure，Mom will be mad if she sees this _________，I think.( )
A.matter B.mess C.trouble D.difficulty
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-Tony，你可以把垃圾带出去并且洗洗碗吗?
-当然，如果妈妈看到这么混乱的话，我认为她会生气的.
【解答】答案：B;matter事件;mess混乱;trouble麻烦;difficulty困难;根据上句Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony，结合答语中的Sure，Mom will be mad 推测后面的句意：如果妈妈看到这么混乱的话;故选B.
19、(2016•鄂州)--Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies?
--Please follow the ______ on the cookbook.( )
A.direction B.attention
C.introduction D.instruction
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-你能给我出示一种做美味饼干的方法吗?
-请按照食谱的指示(做).
【解答】答案：D;direction方向;attention注意;introduction介绍;instruction说明;根据上句Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies?推测下句句意：请按照食谱的指示(做).故选D
20、(2016•济南)-Excuse me.Is there a near here?I want to buy some drinks.
-Yes.Go along the street，and it's on your left.( )
A.zoo B.school
C.supermarket D.museum
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-劳驾，这附近有超市吗?我想买些饮料?
-有的，沿着这条街走，它就在你的左边.
【解答】答案：C;zoo动物园;school学校;supermarket超市;museum博物馆;根据句中信息I want to buy some drinks.推测上句句意：这附近有超市吗?故选C
21、(2016•东营)-Why do people never cut up the _______________ on their birthdays?
-Because they are a symbol of long life.( )
A.eggs B.cakes C.noodles D.dumplings
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-生日时为什么人们从来不切断面条?
-因为他们是长寿的象征.
【解答】答案：C
egg鸡蛋;cake蛋糕;noodle面条;dumpling饺子;长寿面是长寿的.象征，所以此处指的是面条，故选C.
22、(2016•漳州)-What's your favorite ，Julia?
-I like spring best.( )
A.movie B.season C.weather
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-你最喜欢哪个季节，Julia?
-我最喜欢春季.
【解答】答案：B;movie电影;season季节;weather天气;根据答语I like spring best;可知上句是询问"喜欢什么季节"的;故选B.
23、(2016•十堰)As we all know，Wudang Mountain is the ____of Shiyan.( )
A.proud B.pride C.progress D.purpose
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】大家都知道，武当山是十堰的骄傲.
【解答】答案：B;proud自豪的，形容词;pride骄傲，名词;progress进步，名词;purpose目的，名词;根据常识，武当山被称为"亘古无双胜境，天下第一仙山".它是十堰的骄傲;根据句中信息 is the ____of Shiyan可知，该词用名词形式;故选B.
24、(2016•德州)Bill will be a/an ___________ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2016 Olympics.( )
A.guest B.reporter C.tourist D.engineer
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】在即将到来的2016年里约奥运会上Bill将成为一名记者去采访足球运动员.
【解答】答案：B
guest客人;reporter记者;tourist游客;engineer工程师;根据to interview the football players可知此处应填记者，故选B
25、(2016•随州)Peter did't tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a_______.( )
A.note B.surprise C.call D.gift
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】Peter没有告诉父母他要回家，因为他想给他们一个惊喜.
【解答】答案：B
note便条;surprise惊讶;call电话;gift礼物;根据Peter did't tell his parents that he was going home可知他想给父母一个惊喜，故选B
26、(2016•齐齐哈尔)-What do you like?
-I like playing tennis and running.( )
A.subjects B.music C.sports
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-你喜欢什么运动?
-我喜欢打网球和跑步.
【解答】答案：C
subject科目;music音乐;sport运动;根据 tennis and running可知问的是运动类的喜好，故选C.
27、(2016•丹东)-What kind of noodles would you like?
-I'd like some ______ noodles.( )
A.carrots B.beef C.potatoes D.vegetables
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-你想要什么样的面条?
-我想要一些牛肉面.
【解答】答案：B
carrot胡萝卜，potato土豆，vegetable蔬菜，三者皆为可数名词;beef牛肉，不可数名词;此处作noodles的定语，要用可数名词单数或不可数名词，故选B.
28、(2016•淮安)Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ______.( )
A.kitchen B.garden C.bathroom D.bedroom
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】Lily经常在厨房里帮妈妈做饭.
【解答】答案：A
kitchen厨房;garden花园;bathroom浴室;bedroom卧室;根据helps her mother do some cooking 可知做饭是在厨房，故选A.
29、(2016•包头)一The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive.
一Don't worry.You can enjoy yourself.It's my .( )
A.time B.task C.treat D.taste
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-这家餐馆的菜一定很贵.
-别担心，你可以尽情享用，我请客.
【解答】答案：C
time时间;task任务;treat款待;taste味道;根据The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive.可知对方对菜的价格很担忧，所以此处要消除其顾虑，主动请客，It's my treat.我请客.故选C
30、(2016•安徽)Cathy has such a good_____that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.( )
A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】Cathy有这么好的声音，她在去年的歌唱比赛中赢得了许多奖项.
【解答】答案：C;sleep睡觉，动词;睡眠，名词;idea主意，名词;voice声音，名词;time时间;名词;根据句中后面信息she won many prizes in singing competitions last year推测句中指的是Cathy有这么好的声音;故选C.
31、(2016•重庆)---It's hot today.Have some ________，please.
---No，thanks.I'm not thirsty at all.( )
A.water B.potatoes C.bread D.cakes
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】---今天天气很热.请喝些水吧.
---不，谢谢.我一点也不渴.
【解答】答案：A
根据选项的意思water"水";potato"土豆";bread"面包";cake"蛋糕"，结合答语No，thanks.I'm not thirsty at all"不，谢谢.我一点也不渴."可推知在上文中对方让他喝点东西，故选A
32、(2016•青岛)Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ______.( )
A.cough B.toothache C.cold D.fever
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-南希量了体温并且发现她发烧了.
【解答】答案：D
解析：由题目中看出南希量了体温，很容易知道她是发烧了，以下四个选项中只有D是发烧的意思 A.cough咳嗽 B.toothache牙疼 C.cold感冒 D.fever发烧，故选D.
33、(2016•苏州)Steve Jobs was full of -always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society.( )
A.instruction B.invitation
C.introduction D.invention
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】史蒂夫•乔布斯富有发明创造力，总是产生一些导致社会发生巨大变化的新想法.
【解答】答案：D;instruction教诲;invitation邀请;introduction介绍;invention发明;根据句中信息always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society推知上句句意：史蒂夫•乔布斯富有发明创造力;故选D.
34、(2016•滨州)-Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou?
-Yes，she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great .( )
A.surprise B.achievement
C.education D.satisfaction
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-你知道科学家屠呦呦吗?
-是的，由于她的伟大成就她嬴得了2015年的诺贝尔医学奖.
【解答】答案：B
surprise惊讶;achievement成就;education教育;satisfaction满意;赢得诺贝尔奖的人一定是有巨大成就的，故选B.
35、(2016•重庆)It's cold today.Take your______ with you when you go out.( )
A.knife B.coat C.brush D.key
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】今天天气很冷.当你外出时带上你的外套.
【解答】答案：B 根据It's cold today可知，今天很冷，出门要带上外套;又知knife意为"小刀";coat意为"外套，上衣";brush意为"刷子";key意为"钥匙".所以此处应用coat.故选B.
36、(2016•福州)-Who is the person you admire the most?
-Qian Xuesen，the Father of China's Missiles.He is the ______ of China.( )
A.leader B.pride C.voice
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-你最崇拜的人是谁?
-中国导弹之父钱学森，他是中国的骄傲.
【解答】答案：B;leader领导者;pride骄傲;voice嗓音;根据句中信息-Qian Xuesen，the Father of China's Missiles推知后面额句意：他是中国的骄傲;故选B
37、(2016•达州)---Why did Lucy look unhappy?
---Because she was so careless that she made many spelling____in her homework.( )
A.friends B.plans C.decisions D.mistakes
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】-为什么Lucy看起来不高兴?
-应为她是如此粗心以至于她的作业犯了很多拼写错误.
【解答】答案：D;friend朋友;plan计划;decision决定;mistake错误;根据句中信息she was so careless推测后面的句意：她的作业犯了很多拼写错误;故选D.
38、(2016•江西)Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely.( )
A.gift B.stick C.pet D.watch
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】一些老人需要一个宠物因为他们感到孤独.
【解答】答案：C
根据选项的意思A、礼物;B、拐杖;C、宠物;D、手表，结合句子的意思是由于老人感觉孤单，因此推知需要有宠物陪伴.故选C
39、(2016•山西)During the next few days，I decide to have a good _______ by taking a walk or seeing a movie.I really need to relax.( )
A.meal B.sleep C.rest
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】在接下来的几天里，我决定好好休息一下，散散步或看看电影.我真的需要放松.
【解答】答案：C.
首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：一餐;B：睡眠;C：休息; 根据语境推测句意是"在接下来的几天里，我决定好好休息一下，散散步，看看电影.我真的需要放松."，由此判断句子中缺少"休息"一词，have a good rest为固定短语，好好休息.故答案为C.
40、(2016•河南)--Are you going out with Jade tonight?
--That's my .Mind your own!( )
A.offer B.business C.question D.chance
【考点】名词的词义辨析.
【分析】--今天晚上你要和Jade出去吗?
--这是我的事情，管好你自己的事吧!
【解答】答案：B.
首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：提议;B：事情;C：问题;D：机会; 根据语境推测答语句意是"这是我的事情，管好你自己的事吧!"，由此判断句子中缺少"事情"一词，故答案为B.
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