It 用法的五类考点分析
It的用法有千千万万,在几种形式中你是否真的掌握,下面小编列举了五类考点,希望对大家有所帮助。
涉及it用法的五类考点
一、考查 it 用作形式主语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如:
It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。
It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然,他读过这本书。
It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么没关系。
【特别提醒】注意it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式:
1.用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。如:
It seems that he knows everything. 他好像什么都知道。
It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。
2.当系表结构后接有if 或when引出的状语从句时,通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。如:
It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他这样做使我很吃惊。
It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong. 如果出了什么事就是一个悲剧。
3.用于if it were not for… / if it hadn’t been for…(若不是因为)。如:
If it hadn’t been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风,他们就及时赶到伤员身边了。
二、考查 it 用作形式宾语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末:
We found it difficult to persuade her. 我们发现很难说服她。
He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他习惯于天亮前起床。
I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. 我认为他几乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。
【特别提醒】注意it用作形式宾语的三类特殊句式:
1. 动词+it+if / when从句
当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时,此时必须要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如:
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作,那就太好了。
I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事,我会十分感激。
2. 动词+介词+it+that从句
能用于此句型的主要有三个动词,即depend on, answer for, see to。如:
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。
I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest. 我不能保证这个男孩是诚实的。
I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。
三、考查 it 在强调句中的用法
强调句的基本结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that(who)+其他部分。如:
It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。
It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上个星期买的是一台电脑。
【特别提醒】对于强调句的复习要特别注意两种情形:
1.当强调句有插入语或复杂修饰语时:
It was lack of money, not of effort, that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫,原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。
It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague. 他批评以前的同事,并非出于气愤而是为他惋惜。
2.当强调为特殊疑问句时:
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?
How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的.事?
四、考查 it 与 one 的区别
两者均可代替前面提到的事物,区别是:it指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一物,此时的it等于“the (this, that, my...)+名词”;而one 指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类物,此时的one等于“a+名词”。比较
I have a dictionary but I’ve lent it to Mary. 我有一本词典,但把它借给玛丽了。
I haven’t a dictionary; can you lend me one? 我没有词典,你能借我一本吗?
五、考查 it 在习语中的用法
包括it的习语很多,比如make it就是其中很重要的一例。如:
You can make it if you hurry. 如果你赶快还可以及时赶到。
He wants to make it as a writer. 他想作一名作家而一举成名。
You needn’t worry; he will make it. 你不必担心,他会办成的。
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