考研英语长难句活学活用案例
●活学活用案例一
The physicist rightly dreads precise argument , since an argument , since an argument that is convincing only if it precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed , whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
【词汇突破】
dread 害怕，担心
precise 精确的
whereas 鉴于，然而，反之
perturbation 忧虑，不安，烦恼，小的变化
【主干识别】The physicist rightly dreads precise argument .
【其他成分】since an argument , since an argument that is convincing only if it precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed , whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under perturbations of its underlying assumptions为状语从句，状语从句部分可以切分为两个部分：
1.since an argument , since an argument that is convincing only if it precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed
An argument loses all its force .为本句的主干。
That is convincing only if it is precise 作定语从句修饰argument.
If the assumptions are slightly changed 为状语从句中的状语从句。
On which it is based 为定语从句修饰assumptions , which指代assumptions , 相当于the argument is based on assumptions。
连在一起，本部分译文可翻译为：
如果一个只有在精确的情况下才能有说服力的论断所基于的假设发生了细微变化，那么这个论断会失去其全部的说服力。
注意：由于状语从句和定语从句都是修饰同一个argument ， 所以翻译时可以把定语从句的信息先说明，这样可以使得译文更加顺畅，符合中文的表达习惯。
●活学活用案例二
A sacred place of peace , however crude it may be , is a distinctly human need , as opposed to shelter , which is a distinctly animal need .
【词汇突破】
sacred 神圣的
crude 简陋的
shelter 栖息之地
distinctly 明显地
opposed 与……相反的`
【主干识别】A sacred place of peace is a distinctly animal need .
【其他成分】状语从句为however crude it may be =it maybe however crude.
意为无论……多么……，as opposed to shelter 在本句中作状语。
【译文赏析】一处神圣的和平之所，无论多么简陋，也明显是人类所需要的，它同栖身之所是不一样的，栖身之所显然只是动物的需求。
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