考研英语句型
1. But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.
【译文】 但是我们忘记的是——我们的经济所依赖的就是遗忘——快乐远不是没有痛苦的喜悦。最有可能给我们带来最大快乐的东西也有可能会带来损失和失望。
【析句】 在第一句中，主语是一个主语从句，破折号中间的成分是插入语。在第二句中，主语（The things）后面跟了一个定语从句。
【讲词】 potential作形容词意为“潜在的,可能的”，作名词表示“潜能,潜力”。 We have to be prepared for any potential difficulties.（我们应对潜在的困难做好准备。）The father detected soldier potential in the boy.（父亲觉察到孩子天生是块当兵的料。）
2. Today,surrounded by promises of easy happiness,we need art to tell us,as religion once did,Memento mori: remember that you will die,that everything ends,and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,yet,somehow,a breath of fresh air.
【译文】 今天，周围到处都是轻易就能得到快乐的许诺，我们需要艺术来告诉我们死的象征意义，好比宗教曾经告诉我们的那样：记住，你会死的，一切终有结束的时候，快乐不在于否认这一点，而在于要接受这一点。这个信息虽说比丁香烟还要苦涩，然而不管怎样却也有一股清新的气味。
【析句】 主干结构是we need art to tell us，过去分词结构（surrounded by promises of easy happiness）作状语，注意Memento mori是作直接宾语，而us则是间接宾语。冒号后面的句子是Memento mori的同位语。另外，as religion once did作结果状语。
【讲词】 Memento mori是拉丁语，意为“死的象征”。
clove cigarette（丁香香烟）含有少量的丁香，味道芬香，具有一定的止痛作用。
3. The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a “Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.
【译文】 赌场因他是一个好顾客而发给他一张“游乐卡”，此卡可以积分并享受免费的食品和饮料，并能使赌场跟踪使用者的活动。
【析句】 此句是一个简单句，主干结构是The casino issued to him… a “Fun Card”。as a good customer是一个介宾短语，作him的后置定语。a “Fun Card”后面跟了一个定语从句，而这个定语从句又是一个复合句，从句是when(it is) used in the casino，主句则有两个并列的谓语成分：一是earns points for meals and drinks，一是enables the casino to tract the user’s gambling activities。
【讲词】 track在此句中的意思同monitor（监视，记录）。The air controller in Perth tracked the aircraft’s progress as it headed east across the desert.（在飞机朝东飞越沙漠时，珀斯的空中管制员跟踪到飞机的航线。）track down可以表示“追到，查到，找到”。After two days of almost nightmare,I tracked down the problem.（经过几乎是噩梦般的两天，我终于查到了问题的所在。）
4. Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.
【译文】 现在他正在起诉赌场，控告赌场既然知道他上瘾就应该阻止他上船。
【析句】 句子比较简单，但是应该掌握句中关键的单词。
【讲词】 sue意为“控告；请求；求婚”。He sued the department store for his personal injury he had suffered when he slipped on the floor inside the store.（他起诉了那家百货大楼，要求对其在店内滑倒所受到的人身伤害进行赔偿。）The enemy sued for peace after the battle.（敌人在战斗结束以后求和。）He sued for the hand of the girl he loved.（他向自己所爱的姑娘求婚。）
charge也有“起诉”的意思，但是charge还可以表示“指责”，不一定要正式起诉某人。
patron意为“赞助人，资助人；老顾客”。patronage表示“保护,赞助,光顾”或“保护人的身份；老顾客的身份”。It seems our little establishment has finally been deemed worthy of the bank餾 patronage.（看来银行终于认为值得资助我们这种小机构。）Shopkeepers thanked Christmas shoppers for their patronage.（店老板感谢圣诞节顾客的光临。）
addict意为“上瘾的人；瘾君子”，a cigarette addict（烟民，烟鬼），a drug addict（吸毒者）。addicted意为“上瘾；着迷”，如表示对什么上瘾或着迷，后面要跟介词to。例如：He was addicted to drugs.（他吸毒上瘾。）
5. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well瞓eing.
【译文】 鉴于其问题行为的“医疗和心理”性质，信中表示在他出示医学和心理学证明以示光顾不会对其安全和健康构成任何威胁之前，赌场不会再次对他开放。
【析句】 句子的主干是the letter said。Noting…gambling behaviors是现在分词短语作状语，宾语是一个that引导的从句。从句是一个复合句，主句是he would have to present… his safety or well瞓eing，从句是before(he is) being readmitted to the casino。
【讲词】 /在英语中表示“和”的意思。
admit在句中的意思是“接纳”。After two years in practice,he was admitted to the bar association.（从业两年以后，他加入了律师协会。）You will not be admitted to the auditorium without a ticket.（没有票是不会让你进礼堂的。）
well瞓eing表示“康乐,安宁,福利”，台湾人喜欢译成“福祉”。We should put the people first and give priority to the people’s well瞓eing.（我们应该把人民放在首位，以人民的安康为重。）
6. Every entrance ticket lists a toll瞗ree number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will”.
【译文】 每张入场券上都印有印第安纳心理健康中心的免费咨询电话号码。然而，威廉斯的诉讼指责赌场明知他“成瘾不能自拔”，还故意设法“引诱”他“继续违反其意愿的行为”。
【析句】 第二句中charge所跟的宾语从句主干为the casino… worked to “lure” him to…。
【讲词】 toll作名词主要表示“（钟、铃）声；征税；收费；伤亡”。The death toll from the train accident over the weekend passed 250.（在上周末的火车脱轨事故中死亡的人数超过了250。）toll瞗ree意为“免费”，例如：Most big companies have toll瞗ree numbers.（多数大公司都有免费电话。）
suit作名词有“起诉，诉讼”意，等于law suit。
work在句中表示“设法”。All his life,he worked to help the poor rural women.（他一生都设法帮助那些贫穷的'农村妇女。）
7. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
【译文】 《精神错乱诊断与统计手册》第四版写道：“病态”是一种持续反复并难以控制的行为，与其说是追求金钱，倒不如说是为了寻求冒险博取横财的刺激。
【析句】 句子的主干结构是The fourth edition… says，宾语是一个从句，其主语是“pathological gambling”，谓语是involves，宾语是一个less… than…构成的比较结构，比较pursuit of money和pursuit of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall。
【讲词】 pursuit意为“追求”，pursuit of money即表示“对金钱的追求”。
to take risks(the risk) in doing sth表示“冒险做某事”。The entrepreneurs took the risk in lending their mo瞡ey and hoped that the business they invested in would succeed.（企业家冒险借出他们的钱，希望他们所投资的生意会成功。）
quest表示“追求；寻找”。The company is questing for improving its service.（公司正在追求改进服务。）The quest for truth has never been more important than it is now.（对真理的追求从来没有像现在这样重要。）
8. Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
【译文】 在科学或所谓的科学的驱动下，社会正对曾被视为性格缺陷或道德缺失的东西重新进行归类，认为是类似于身体残疾的性格失衡。
【析句】 句子的主干结构是society is reclassifying，宾语是what…moral failings，后面的成分（as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities）是宾语补足语。被动分词结构（Pushed by science,or what claims to be science）作全句的状语。
【讲词】 flaws意为“缺点；裂纹；瑕疵”，character flaws指“性格缺陷”。 They share the character flaw of arrogance.（他们都有傲慢的缺点。）
failings意为“缺点，缺陷”。
physical disability意为“身体残疾或缺陷”，这里的physical意为“身体的，生理的”。
akin意为“同类的，类似的”。I should teach my students that science is akin to common sense.（我要教导学生，让他们了解科学类似于常识。）The situation there is akin to that of the West before the rise of the ready瞭o瞱ear industry in the early 1900s.（这种情形与20世纪初成衣工业出现前的西方相仿。）
9. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,often defining as addictions what earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
【译文】 令人担心的是，社会越发把行为问题当作是疾病来治疗，常把更为坚强的上几代人称之为意志薄弱的行为定义成上瘾。
【析句】 这是一个简单句，主干结构是It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,其中it作形式主语。often defining as… weakness of will是medicalizing的伴随状语。注意more and more在句中是副词，修饰medicalizing。
【讲词】 will作名词时意为“意愿；意志”，will power意为“意志力，自制力”。Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者，事竟成。）The international community needs to demonstrate its political will to end hunger.（国际社会应该拿出根除饥饿的政治意志来。）When you have the will to win,you will find the skill to win.（你要是有赢的意志，就会获得赢的技巧。）
will作名词还可表示“遗愿；遗嘱”。Never yielding to Victorian conventions,Collins had insisted upon a simple funeral in his will.(考林斯一生都不愿迎合维多利亚时代的习俗，他在遗嘱中要求在他死后只举办一个简单的葬礼。）
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