考研英语易混淆的词语汇总
考研英语易混淆的词语都有哪些呢，我们不妨来学习学习。以下是CN人才小编搜集并整理的研英语有关内容，希望对大家有所帮助!
1) a big time：尽兴，高兴的时刻
e.g. I had a big time there.
the big time：第一流，最高级
e.g. Don’t worry, you are in the big time now.
2) according to：按照，根据
e.g. They were commended or criticized according to their work.
according as：随……而定
e.g. The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold.
3) admit to：承认
e.g. I have to admit to a dislike for modern music.
admit sb.(in) to：允许某人进入某地或加入某组织、行业
e.g. They have admitted me into their club.
4) all for：完全赞成
e.g. I am all for holding a meeting to discuss it.
for all：尽管
e.g. They could not open the box for all their forces.
5) all in all：总的说来
e.g. All in all, it is a success.
all in：疲倦，筋疲力尽
e.g. He was all in, but he stuck it out.
6) as it is (was)：照目前的情况来看
e.g. As it is, we shall be able to complete our task in time.
as it were：可以说，姑且这样说
e.g. He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.
7) as much as：几乎，实际上
e.g. By running away he as much as admitted that he had taken the money.
as much…as：与……一样多
e.g. It is as much our responsibility as yours.
8) as well：也，还是……为好
e.g. He gave me advice, and money as well.
Since you have begun to do it, you may as well finish it.
as well as：不仅……而且，除……之外
e.g. With television, we see a picture as well as hearing sound.
Small towns as well as big cities are being rapidly industrialized.
9) at one time从前某个时期
e.g. At one time, we met frequently.
at a time：每次，一次
e.g. You can borrow only two books at a time.
10) attach to：属于，归因于
e.g. No blame attaches to him.
attach oneself to：参加，加入
e.g. He attached himself to the group of climbers.
11) be a credit to：为……增光
e.g. I hope you will be a credit to your school.
do credit to：为……增进荣誉
e.g. This piece of work does credit to you.
12) bear in mind：记住
e.g. I hope you will bear in mind all I am saying.
have in mind：考虑
e.g. Don’t give your confidence to others regarding the plan you have in mind.
13) begin with：以……为起点
e.g. He advised me to begin with something easy.
to begin with：首先
e.g. To begin with, we must consider the problem from all sides.
14) build up：逐步建成，增强
e.g. They are trying hard to build up an independent economy.
He went for an ocean voyage and built up his health.
build on：以……为基础，依赖
e.g. Let’s build on your idea.
We shall build on your supporting us.
15) by day：在白天
e.g. Most of them work by day and study by night.
by the day：(指工作报酬等)按日计算
e.g. Will you pay me by the day or by the hour?
16) can but只好……罢了
e.g. We can but try to make him see how unreasonable he has been.
cannot but：不得不，禁不住
e.g. I cannot but tell her the truth.(=I cannot help telling her the truth)
17) come forth：出现，发行
e.g. Many new things are coming forth..
Do you know that a set of new stamps has come forth?
come forward：自告奋勇，提出供讨论
They have come forward with an offer to help.
The matter was deferred at last evening’s meeting, but will come forward at our next session.
18) compare … to比拟(指出其中的相似点)
e.g. Man’s life is often compared to a candle.
compare … with：把……和……相比(指出其不同之处)
e.g. He compared his camera with mine.
19) consist in：包含在……中
e.g. Happiness consists in good health.
consist of：由……组成
e.g. The apartment consisted of two rooms and a kitchen.
20) end on：两端相碰，正对
e.g. The two ships collided each other end on.
We shouldn’t place the bicycles end on.
on end：竖着，连续地，不断地
e.g. Place the box on end.
She often works for 20 hours on end.
21) familiar to：某事为某人熟知
e.g. There were facts not familiar to me.
familiar with：熟悉或通晓某事
e.g. He is familiar with English, German and French..
22) feel for sb.：同情某人，为某人难过
e.g. I feel for you in your sorrow.
feel for sth：(用手、脚、棍子等)摸索，寻找某物
e.g. She felt under the pillow for her watch.
23) for a moment：片刻，一会儿
e.g. She was silent for a moment, weighing in her mind the pros and cons.
for the moment：此刻、暂时
e.g. I cannot recall his name for the moment.
24) get down：下去，下来;写下来
e.g. The bus was so jammed that I could not get down.
Here’s the telephone number I got down for you.
get down to：认真着手进行处理
e.g. It is no good shirking the job, it will have to be got down to.
25) get into trouble with sb.：遭到某人的(训斥等)
e.g. Poor Tom is always getting into trouble with the boss.
get sb. into trouble：使某人陷入困境
e.g. The letter got me into trouble.
26) give sb. a hand：帮助某人或参与某人做某事
e.g. Give me a hand with the cleaning, please.
give sb. one’s hand：与某人握手
e.g. She gave me her hand and wished me a good trip.
27) go through：检查，搜查;通过，穿过
e.g. They went through our luggage at the customs.
It took us a whole week to go through the great forest.
go through with：把……坚持到底
e.g. We should go through with the experiment now we’ve started.
28) good for：有益于
e.g. This book is good for your English study.
for good：永久地
e.g. The lost money was gone for good.
29) have a fancy for：爱好，喜爱
e.g. She has a fancy for nice clothes.
have a fancy that：猜想，认为
e.g. I have a fancy that he will come tonight.
30) head up：领头;领导
e.g. A band headed up the parade.
Mr. Jones will head up the new business.
heads up：注意，小心
e.g. Heads up, now! You can do better than that.
31) in a way：在某种程度上
e.g. In a way, it is an important book.
in the way：妨碍，挡路
I will visit you next weekend if there is nothing in the way.
32) in black：穿黑色衣服
e.g. Arabian women are always dressed in black clothes.
in the black：赢利，赚钱
New production methods put the company in the black.
33) in charge of：负责
e.g. Who is in charge of this work?
in the charge of：照护
e.g. The patients are in the charge of the nurse.
34) in hand：控制
e.g. There was a little rioting, but the police soon had the situation in hand.
hand in：递交，交给
e.g. He handed in his resignation in protest against it.
35) in one’s honor：向……表示敬意或感谢
e.g. The day was kept as a holiday in honor of victory.
on one’s honor：用人格担保
e.g. We were on our honor not to cheat on the exam.
36) in possession of：占有
e.g. He is in possession of this house.
in the possession of：被占有
e.g. The keys are in the possession of the door keeper.
37) in spirit：在内心，在精神上
e.g. In spirit, at least, these laws were very fair.
in spirits：情绪或心情(好、坏等)
e.g. He is in poor spirits because of his failing in the exam.
38) keep up：继续，保持
e.g. They entered into a correspondence which was kept up for almost ten years.
keep up with：与……齐步前进，跟上
e.g. With their help, he has kept up with the class.
39) look about：环视
e.g. He looked about him with great interest.
look about for：四处寻找
e.g. She was looking about for the key she had just lost.
40) look up：向上看
e.g. He looked up and nodded to me.
look up to：尊敬
e.g. It must be rewarding to be looked up to by so many people.
41) make one’s way：开路
e.g. As soon as he saw us, the teacher made his way through the crowd to greet us.
make one’s way to：向……走去
e.g. In the evening we made our way to the appointed meeting place.
中考英语相似词语辨析
also/ as well/ too/ either “也”
Ⅰ. also较正式，位置通常靠近动词，用于句中；且用于肯定句中。如：
① He also plays football. 他也踢足球。
② I was also there.我也在那儿。
Ⅱ. too 多用于口语，通常置于句末，前边须用逗号隔开，也可用于句中，且前后均须用逗号隔开，；用于肯定句中。如：
① He is a worker, too.
② The two cows, too, are white.那两头奶牛也全都是白的。
Ⅲ. as well 是副词短语，多用于口语，只用于句末。如：
① She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.她不但教过我们英语，还教过我们数学。
② He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教师，也是一位作家。
Ⅳ. either 用于否定句中，常置于句末。在肯定句变否定句时，其中的also, too, as well都要改为either.
① Yesterday I didn’t watch TV and I didn’t see the film, either .昨天我没有看电视，也没有看电影。
for / from / since
Ⅰ. 三者都能用来表示时间，但用法不同。
since “自从”，所表示的是一个时间点。可用作介词，也可用作连词，后接时间名词或短语，或引导时间状语从句；要求前面的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词必须用完成时态，要用延续性动词。而since引导的从句中的谓语动词通常应是短暂性的动词。若接时间，则应为点时间。
all/ whole
Ⅰ. 二者意义（“全部、都、整个”）相同，然而词序不同。
Ⅱ. all用于冠词，所有格或其它“限定词”之前。
whole 则用于冠词之后。如：
① all the time. ────→the whole time.全部时间
② all my life ────→the whole life.我的一生
③ all this confusion ─→ this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。
Ⅲ. 如果没有冠词，或其它限定词，whole不能与单数名词连用。可以说：
① The whole city was burning.但不能说：
② Whole London was burning.
Ⅳ.whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”，而all的意思则近乎“每一个”如：
① All Indian tribes([traib]部首 ) suffered from white settlement in America. 所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃。
② Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。
Ⅴ. whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词（包括物质名词）
① 可以说：all the money 或all the wine
② 不可以说：the whole money 或the whole wine.
③ The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。
the whole of the time.
the whole of my life
the whole of this confusion
alone/ lonely
Ⅰ. alone adj. “单独的”只能作表语。如：
① I’m alone but I don’t fell lonely. 我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独。
② 此外alone 还可作副词。相当于by oneself,“单独地”“独自”
③ I’ll go there alone.我将独自去那儿。
Ⅱ. lonely adj. “孤独的”“寂寞的”有时还可表示“荒凉的”“无人烟的”意思,与deserted意思相同。含有较浓的情感色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。如：
① We’re together most of the time, so we never feel lonely.
② a lonely / deserted island
such as 和for example
这两个短语都可以作“例如”解。for example用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首，句中或句末。例如：
Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 球类运动就已经在世界各地传播开了。
What would you do if you met a wild animal？？a lion, for example? 如果遇上野兽，例如狮子，你该怎么办？
such as用来列举事物时，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。例如：
Some of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time.
有些废物，如剩饭、废纸和废铁，时间一久就烂掉了。
注意：使用这个短语时，后面列举的事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和，一旦相等就要用that is或namely。如不可以说：I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom. 应该说：I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom。我有三个好朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。
reason 和cause
The ____ of the big fire was his carelessness.
A.reason B.cause C.causing D.reasoning
解答：B。reason强调一种推理的理由，而cause是指导致某件事情发生的人或事。
when while 与 as
1,when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。如：
When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep.
Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
When you meet a word you don''t know, consult the dictionary.
She was beautiful when she was a girl.
如果when从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语又是be动词，从句主语和be可以省略：当when从句主语与主句主语相同时，用when加分词可以替代状语从句。如：
When（you are）in trouble, ask her for help.
When（I was）sleeping, I never heard a thing.
2，as
(1)表示"当……时"、"和……同时"。常指从句的动作未结束，主句中的动作就已发生。从句中多用表示动作的动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。
As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar.
She dropped the glass as she stood up.
As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.
(2)用于平行的动作中，表示"一面……一面……"。常指一个主语同时进行两个动作。如：
He sang as he worked.
The students took notes as they listened.
3,While表示"在……的时候"、"在……期间"。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。While从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。如：
Never get on or off a bus while it is in motion.
The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.
She called while I was out.
become,get和turn
get，turn，become等均可译为“变得”，但它们在用法上有些区别。
（1）get用于日语，通常跟随比较级。
It gets coldr。天气变冷了。
（2）turn是指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。
His face truned red。他的脸变红了。
（3）become是指身份、职位的变化，作瞬间动词时指状态的变化。
He becomes a teacher 。他成了一名老师。
将来“成为”不用“become”而用"be"。
She will be a teacher。她将成为一名老师。
near 与 beside
near,by,beside表示“在……附近”的区别：
near表示相对的“近”， 实际距离可能还很远。例如：
Suzhou is near Shanghai.
There is a post office near our school.
beside表示“靠近”，实际距离不可能很远，例如：
He was sitting beside her.
常用英语词语辨析105组(10)
real和true
real表示“真的……”“真实的”“名符其实的”，指的是事实上存在，不是想象的或虚构的。
eg. I'm learning to skate on real ice . 我在真正的冰上学滑冰。
true“真正的，真的”，表示的是和事实及事实情况相符的，而不是编造的。
eg. The news is true . 这个消息是真的。
He told me a true story . 他给我讲了一个真实的'故事。
year by year与year after year
The boy grows taller year by year, and he visits his
grandmother in the country on her birthday year after
year. 男孩逐年长高了，但他年年去乡下庆祝奶奶的生日。 （逐年长高是“变化”，而年年去乡下是“不变”的。）
year by year与year after year的区别
year by year = each year, one following on another 每年（把时间分开看待，一年接着一年）。例如：
Year by year we grow a little older.每年我们都变老了一些。
而year after year = one year after another, without brea 年年；年复一年（把时间作为整体看待，期间没有间断）。例如：
We have been to that place for a holiday year after year, for I don't know how long.我们年年到那个地方度假，我不知道有多少年了。
noise/voice/sound
这三个词都作“声音”解，在表示“听到声音”这个意思时，三者可以通用。
I heard a sound/noise/voice（我听到一个声音）。
但它们又各有特定的含义。
* sound 作“声音”解，含义最广，指可以听到的任何声音。
a weak sound 微弱的声音
a sharp sound 尖锐的声音
an eardeafening sound 震耳欲聋的声音
* noise 作“噪音”，“嘈杂声”、“吵闹声”解，特指不悦耳，不和谐的声音(loud and unpleasant sound)。它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。
Another kind of pollution is noise．
另外一种污染是噪音。(这里不能用sound)
* voice 作“声音”解时，多指人发出的声音，包括说话声、歌声和笑声，有时也用于引申意义，作“意见”、“发言权”解。
He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。
I have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事，我没有发言权。
none 与 no one
none指“没有一个人”或“没有一个物”，既可以指人，又可以指物。动词既可以复数，有时也可以用单数。表示全部否定。例如：
None of us are (is) afraid of difficulties .
None of these books (is) interesting .
None of the money is mine .
None of the students has (have) seen the film.
no one 是两个单词，不能写成一个单词。no one=nobody ，只能指人，不指物。动词指能用单数。
No one wants to go.
No one will make friends with me
kind sort 与 type
kind 可以译作“种类”，一般指属于同种性质和特质的东西，以便把一个种类的事物与其它种类的事物区分开。
type 则指比kind更具体的东西，译作“型”“类型”。
例如：1 A cow is a kind of animal .(牛是一种动物。)
2 This is a new type of dictonary .
(这是一种新型词典。)
按英语习惯用法，凡表带有轻蔑的意思时，要用sort而不用kind。当然，在一般情况下，二者可以互换。例如：There are all kinds（sorts）of trees and flowers in the San Su Park（三苏公园）。
opinion thought idea view
opinion view 都含“对某人、某物的看法或想法”的意思。
opinion系常用词, 指“对事物或问题经过思索后提出的意见、主张、看法”, 含有“初步的”、“不十分肯定”的意味, 如:
What''s your opinion of Mr Li? 你对李先生的看法如何?
view 指“见解”、 “观点”, 侧重“对较广泛、重大或有关公众的问题所采取的态度”, view 比opinion更为肯定、全面和有系统, 如:
May I know your views on the question? 我能知道你对这个问题的看法吗?
idea和thought 都含“念头”、“想法”、“观念”的意思。
idea为一般用语, 指“由于理解、思索、推理、幻想而产生于脑中的思想、念头、主意、想法”, 如:
The idea of death is frightening to most people. 死的想法对于大多数人都是可怕的。
thought指“经过思考或推理而形成的思想、看法或想法”, 如:
He has many thoughts on the matter. 他对这事有许多想法。
result in和result from
前者表示"结果";后者表示"原因"。
The damage resulted from the fire. 这损害由火灾造成。
Their efforts resulted in failure. 他们的努力归于失败
specially especially particularly
especially相当于in particular做“特别地”；specially相当于on purpose 做“专门地、特意地”；particularly=especially指“特别、尤其”，especially指用于正式问题，particularly既可用于正式问题，也可用于日常口语。
view sight 与 scene
sight指"景色"是可数名词时，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的"景"和"名胜"，但尤指人工制成的景。One of the beautiful sights is the castle.那城堡是美景中的一个。
view和scene所表达的景色都是scenery中的一部分，往往指自然景色。view强调看到景色的整体印象，scene强调景色本身。
如：Do you enjoy the ten famous views of the West Lake?你喜欢西湖十景吗？
There is a lovely view from this window .从这个窗子可以看到一片秀丽的景色。
There is a happy scene of children playing in the garden.孩子们在花园里玩耍，好一派欢乐的景象。
hit,beat与strike
beat 打，敲击，指用手或物等连续地打，敲击，如殴打或体罚，敲鼓/桌子等。
hit 打,打中,击中,表示瞬间的动作,着重打中或击中这一结果或强调敲打、打击对象的某一点。只作及物动词用。
strike 指用力地“打击”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速的或突然的一次性的殴打、打击或敲击，是普通用词，有时与hit通用，并用于比喻意义。
worth, worthy 与worthwhile
worth价值，可贵之处，作形容词时与worthy和worthwhile都是“值得……”的意思，但用法不同，如：This book is worth reading./This book is worth 3 yuan?./It's wort hwhile to visit (visiting) this place./This place is worthy of a visit (visiting ).
worth只作表语，它后面一般接动名词，也可接名词，但只限于钱数，不接不定式。如果用不定式或动名词作主语，则要用It's worthwhile…结构，把不定式、动名词放在句末；
worthy是形容词，worthy可作表语，也可作定语，作表语时，后跟of接名词或动名词，也可以接不定式。
worthwhile和worth虽均有“值得的”意思，worth只作表语，用于be worth sth.短语中，如：It's worth the trouble.麻烦一点值得。This watch is worth this much money.这 块手表值这么多钱；而worthwhile意为“值得一做的(worth doing)”，既可作表语，如：T hese results were not worthwhile. 也可用作定语。
rise 与 raise
这两个词虽不同义，但因意义上有联系而易被混淆。rise 上升，上涨，起床，站立。含义较广，总的意思是指依次上升，如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升，人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。该词为不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词分别是rose 和 risen。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 日出于东而落于西。/ Prices rise every day in those countries. 那些国家里的物价天天上涨。 /The chairman rose from his chair. 看，主席从椅子上站了起来。 raise 及物动词，其基本含义是“使升起来，举起”，它的过去分词和过去式都是raised。例如：Heavy rains raised the river. 暴雨使河水水位升高。/ We must raise the living standard of the people. 我们必须提高人民的生活水平。/ His speech raised my interest. 他的发言激起了我的兴趣。与raise 常搭配的固定说法有：raise a subject 提出一个问题 / raise one's voice 提高嗓门 / raise a family 养家糊口 / raise money 筹款/raise price 提高价格/ raise one's spirits 打起精神。
goal 与 aim
goal 目的，目标。常用于文学作品中，强调个人精心选定的目标，含有不达目的不罢休、与困难拼搏的意思，该词本身使人联想到参加赛跑的人，他们必须跑到终点。goal 也指赛跑的终点。如：He sticks stubbornly to his goal of education reform. 他不屈不挠地坚持他的奋斗目标——教育改革。/ His goal in life is to become a writer. 他一生的目标就是成为一个作家。 aim 目的，目标。呈单数形式时，指目标，但较 goal 具体、简单、近期，决心也稍弱。该词修辞色彩也较朴素。呈复数形式时，指笼统的理想与目标。如:What is your aim in working so hard? 你这样拼命工作，图的是什么? / She showed steadiness and courage in the pursuit of her aims. 她在追求自己的目标时表现出坚定性与勇气。
hurt injure harm 与 damage
1)hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上，感情上的伤害。如：
The driver hurt himself badly in the accident.那位司机在那次事故中伤得很重。
注意：指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly，slightly，seriously等连用；但如果指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
2）injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损失。如：
A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。
3）harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情，如：
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。
4）damage主要指对于物的损害，强调对于价值，用途，外观等所造成的损失，这种损失或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成。如：
He damaged my car with a stone.他用石头砸坏了我的汽车。
5）wound指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的，严重的伤，特指战场上受伤，它可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指人们精神上的创伤。如；
The bullet wounded his arm.子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。
much too和too much
much too: much用在too之前加强语气，该词意思为“实在太，非常”，常用在形容词和副词前。例如：
It's much too cold here in winter,这儿冬天非常冷。
That book is much too dear. I don't want to buy it.那本书实在太贵，我不想买。
He drove the car much too fast.他车开得实在太快了。
too much:too用在much之前，说明“多”的程度。该词意为“太多”，常用在不可数名词前或动作名词后。例如：
There's too much snow and ice in winter.冬天有太多的冰雪。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多对身体不利。
live alive与living
意思都含“活的”。
living 用于生物时, 指“活着的”, 即可作定语也可做表语。如:
The living are more important to us than the dead. 对我们来说在世的人比去世的人更重要。
She has no living relatives. 她没有还健在的亲戚。
alive 指“活着的”、“在世的”, 着重于状态, 它只用作表语, 如:
The spy was caught alive though he died from wounds the next day. 特务被活捉, 不过第二天便因重伤而死。
live 只用于物, 指“活的”, 如:
a live rat
一只活鼠。
agree with ,agree on , agree to
agree on表示"就......取得一致意见"，如:
We all agree on (making) an early start. 我们一致同意及早出发。
agree with 表示"与......意见一致"，"与......相符"，后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词，也可以跟表示意见、看法的名词或what引出的从句，如:
I agree with you without reservation. 我毫无保留地同意你的意见。
We agree with what you said just now. 我们同意你刚才所说的意见。
agree to后面不能接人,只能接"提议;计划;方案"等词句。
I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。
include和contain
include表示一个整体由几个部分组成，侧重包括者只是整体的一部分。例如：The bill includes tax and service．
contain指一个整体包括的内容，侧重“内有”的意思。例如：Try to avoid foods which contain a lot fat．
clothes和clothing
clothes泛指服装，包括上、下装，内、外衣
clothing是衣着的总称，无复数形式，如：man's clothing
huge/large/big区别
这三个形容词都可以表示“大”。
big和 large所修饰的一般是具体事物。
big侧重表示一个物体的块头、重量，含有庞大、笨重的意思，其反义词是little;
large侧重表示一个物体的宽度和数量，有广阔和众多的意思，其反义词是 small。在现代口语中两者可互换，big较为口语化，large比较正式。例如：
This is a big/large room.这是一个大房间。
big还可作“长大了的”解，large没有这个意思。例如：
She is big enough to ride a bike.她长大了，足可以骑自行车了。
huge 是庞大的;巨大的意思。例如：
I have a huge pile of letters to deal with.
我有一大堆信件要处理。
special, particular, especial与peculiar
这四个词都表示“特殊的”，“特别的”。
special“特别的”，“特殊的”，“特设的”，“专门的”，着重指某事物具有自己特有的性质、性格或个性，非同一般的，不同寻常的，与同类明显相异。常用介词about,to等。例如：You must have special permission to photograph these paintings. 你必须有特别许可证才能拍照这些画。It's not like ordinary photographs.There's something special about it.这不同于一般的照片，这张照片有一些独特的地方。
particular“特别的”，“特殊的”，“某一特定的”，“过于讲究的”，强调同类中某一个体所具有的独特性质，常用介词about,as to,over,to等。例如：Bacteriology,in particular,microbiology had fascinated him. 细菌学，特别是微生物学使他陶醉。The manager is particular about quality. 经理对质量要求十分严格。
especial“特别的”，“特殊的”，含有优越或偏好的意义，多用于书面语。例如：Oxford architecture receives especial attention. 牛津大学的建筑特别引人注目。She has no especial personal ambition. 她没什么特别的个人奢望。
peculiar“特别的”，“独特的”，“独有的”，强调某一个体或某一集团所独有的或特有的、独特的或与众不同的，在同类事物中与其它相异而又非同寻常的。常用介词about,in,to等。例如：Language is peculiar to mankind. 语言是人类特有的。There's something peculiar about him. 他这个人有点特别。
ordinary, common, general, popular和unive
ordinary“普通的”，“平常的”，“平凡的”，词义与common相近。指符合一般或常规事物标准或相同的规格，因而只具有普通的特性。如：That is quite an ordinary event.那是件很平常的事。 The book describes the way of life of the ordinary people of Mexico. 这本书描述墨西哥平民的生活方式。
common“普通的”，“平常的”，“共有的”，指从质量或品德上无特殊，显眼或杰出之处，因而是大多数人或事物所具有的，常见的。如：It's an error quite common among scholars. 这是学者们常犯的错误。 It's too common to mention. 这是司空见惯的，不值一提。
general“一般的”，“普通的”，含有例外情况较少之意或暗示包括全部的同一范畴的事物。如：She referred to her trip in a general way. 她只是概括地谈了下她的旅行情况。There is no general rule without some exception. 凡普通规律都有例外。
popular“常见的”，“普通的”，“大众的”，“受欢迎的”，指属于、存在于或代表大众的某事物，强调常见的，大众化的特征。如：He speaks in popular language. 他用通俗的语言讲话。 He is popular for his kindness. 他因心地善良而受人爱戴。
universal “一般的”，“普通的”，“普遍的”，有完全没有例外之意。如：It's the universal truth. 这是一名普遍的真理。There was universal recognizing at his victory. 人们普遍为他的胜利高兴。
respond, answer和reply
respond“应答”，“作出反应”，往往指对号召、职责、请求等自发的或自觉的用书面或口头作出反应或响应。如：He responded briefly to the questions. 他简短扼要地回答了问题。 They declared that they responded with resolution to this statement.他们宣布响应这个声明。
answer回答，是使用最广泛的词，凡是书面或口头回答问题争论，指责等都可以用answer.回答可能同意、不同意，甚至反对。如：He asked me some personal questions and I did not answer him. 他问了我几个私人问题，我没有回答他。 The professor answered the question with a nod. 教授点头示意，回答了这个问题。
reply “回答”，比answer正式，多用于书面语，主要指经过考虑针对所提问题的内容作出正式的回答或答复，所答复的内容可能是一种解释，也可能是一种反驳。如：For a moment, Arthur was at a loss how to reply it. 亚瑟一时不知如何回答这个问题。 Please reply at your earliest convenience. 请尽早回信。
intend,mean与design
这组动词的一般含义是"意欲"或"打算"。
intend: 强调"意欲"做某一件确定的事，或者"决意"达到某一确定的目的。此外这个词常用于表达"意欲"使某人从事某职业，或"打算"某物用作何种目的。
e.g. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. 欧娜打算每隔两小时休息片刻。
The dictionary is intended for the beginners. 这本词典是为初学者编的。
mean: 常常可以和intend互换使用。但不强调决心达到某一目的。
e.g. He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay. 他总想某一天回去，但不住下。
design: 强调为达到某目的，事先作过精心安排和仔细考虑。此外，这个词还包含"预谋" 、"策划"或"以阴险的手段"达到自己的目的这一意义。
e.g. These peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally,
but to give them electric shocks as well!这些奇怪的造型设计，似乎不仅用来在感情上给人们以强烈的震撼，而且给人以电击般的刺激。
Did you design this, or did it just happen itself? 这件事是你有意安排的还是它自行发生的?
wide和broad
二者均指宽阔的。两词虽时常互用，但wide强调从一边到另一边的距离；broad强调两边之 间面积的广大，尤指比一般的大，例如：A wide ocean separates America from Europe. 广阔的大洋隔开美洲与欧洲。Ships sail on the broad ocean.船航行于广袤无垠的大海上 。
注意：open one's eyes wide / one's broad shoulders
be familiar with 和be familiar to
familiar指对……熟悉的，后面可接介词with或to，意义不同。
be familiar with, having a good knowledge of 熟悉的，对……熟谙的，例如：facts wi th which every schoolboy is familiar每位学童所熟悉的事实。/I am not very familia r with botanical names.我不太熟悉植物学方面的名词。
be familiar to,sth be well known to sb.某事为某人所熟知，例如：These subjects a re familiar to you.这些科目为你所熟知。
affect, effect与influence
affect 首先可以指三种情况：①对某物或某事产生不良的影响，通常以被影响的词作为宾语。例如：hot weather affects his health.炎热的天气影响了他的健康；②使之改动，使之变化，用于这层意思时没有好坏的意思，例如：He wasn't affected by the news.他听了这消息后无动于衷；③ 感动，例如：His speech affected the audience deeply.他的讲话深深打动了观众。
effect 通常以改进和变化之类的词作宾语，着重造成一种特殊效果。
influence 的影响与上两个不同，它是指通过劝说、行为、事例等对另一方的行为、性格、观点产生潜移默化的影响，例如：What we read influences our thinking.我们阅读的书本会影响我们的思想。
remain与stay
两词都有“停留”的意思，有时可通用。如：He will remain (stay) to dinner.他将留下来吃晚饭。两词作为连系动词，表示“保持某一状态”时，可以通用。如：The door remained (stayed) open.门继续开着。remain着重指在别人已离去，或其他人或物都有变动以后，其主语“仍继续停留”或“保持原来状态”。它可以表示出一种对比的含义。如：The others had gone, he remained and put back the chairs.别人都离去后，他留下来把椅子放回原处。He has lived in France for two years. However, his French remains poor.他已在法国居住了两年，但他的法语仍然很糟糕。stay无法表示这种对比。如：It's too hot outside. Why not stay at home and watch TV?外面太热了。何不就呆在家里看电视呢?
表示“暂住(某处)……”，“客居(某地)”时，只能用stay。如：He stayed there for a couple of weeks.他在那里暂住了两个星期。
as 和like
as 和like 一样，都可以用作介词。但是其意思却不完全相同。like 意思是“像……一样”，侧重人或事物之间的比较。as 意思是“作为”，“如同”，侧重人或事物的同一性，意味着属于一类或完全相似。比较：Now, I'm talking to you like a father.现在我象父亲一样对你说话(说话的人不是父亲)。Now, I'm talking to you as a father.现在我作为父亲(以父亲的身份)对你说话(说话的人是父亲)。
又如：You are of a cool temper like your father.你脾气冷静得像你父亲似的(指相似)。You are of a cool temper as your father.你的冷静脾气与你父亲一样(指程度相同)。
normal与regular
normal与regular都表示正常，区别在于：
normal指正常的，强调与一般情况差别很小的。如：The normal temperature of human body is about 37℃.人体的正常体温大约是37℃。
regular指定期的，有规律的，如：You must keep regular hours.你生活要有规律。
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