2015考研英语基础阶段长难句常见问题大全
目前2015考研英语基础阶段复习中，辅导老师收集了一些学员共有的问题，学员们在此阶段除了复习词汇外，我们还建议学员复习长难句，分析句子，理解句子的意思，那么目前我们收集的基本是长难句方面的问题，在此辅导老师给大家整理出这些问题，希望考生认真学习，从中总结长难句分析的方法：
1. A technological advancement is gauged by the power it gives or the energy it consumes and the cost that is involved.
解析：本句的难点在于后置定语，it gives，it consumes，that is involved，把这些后置定语直接作为形容词短语放在前面就行，同时注意短语is gauged by：以...为标准。那么我们来切分意群：A technological advancement /is gauged by /the power it gives /or the energy it consumes /and the cost that is involved.逐个意群翻译，最后组合为通顺的汉语。
整句翻译为：技术改进的标准在于它所给予(或付出)的能量，它所消耗的能源以及它涉及的价值。(或投入的成本)
2、He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.
解析：本句主要考察宾语从句，定语从句，比较及并列结构。首先我们先切分意群，He adds humbly /that perhaps /he was “superior to the common run of men/ in noticing things/ which easily escape attention, and /in observing them carefully.
注意以下词汇：humbly，卑谦地，谦逊地。Superior to高于…，然后逐个意群翻译，组合成较为通顺的汉语：他谦虚的补充到：或许自己在注意到容易被人忽略的事情，并对其进行仔细观察方面优于他人。
3、These peculiar elements in the make-up of man provide a long history and tradition of wisdom accumulated in various forms of civilization from which culture grows and continue flowing.
解析：本句是定语从句：主语:These peculiar elements; 谓语：provide。有两个后置定语：in the make-up of man; accumulated in various forms of; 定语从句是from which 后面。切分意群：These peculiar elements /in the make-up of man /provide/ a long history/ and tradition of wisdom /accumulated in various forms of civilization/ from which culture grows and continue flowing.
意译为：这些组成人类的独特元素历史悠久，使人类拥有形式多样的文明传统的智慧，这种人类文化源远流长。
4、The technology that was prevalent in the 1940’s used to be about 100 percent more expensive and about 1000 times energy consuming.
解析：本句主要找准主干：The technology used to ...，分辨出that引导的定语从句及隐含的比较句。本句中没有太难得短语，切分意群：The technology/ that was prevalent /in the 1940’s /used to be about 100 percent more expensive/ and about 1000 times energy consuming.
意译为：20世纪40年代盛行的技术大约百分之一百的昂贵，并且所消耗的能源也是现在的1000倍。
5、The progress of the digital techniques mainly depends on computer’s development and the progress of digital transmission systems based on it have merged computer and communication.
解析：本句是and引导的并列句，注意based的后置定语，直接把其作为形容词放在名词前面。切分意群：The progress of the digital techniques /mainly depends on /computer’s development/ and the progress of digital transmission systems/ based on it /have merged computer and communication.
翻译为：数字科技的进步主要依赖于计算机的发展，基于数字科技的数字传播系统的进步融合了计算机与交流两部分。
6、Man lives in the world of ideas, and acts and reacts in terms of concepts about objects and organizations.
解析：本句由and引导的简单的并列句，注意几个词组：in terms of根据，依据，按照。About关于….，切分意群：Man lives /in the world of ideas, and acts and reacts/ in terms of concepts /about objects and organizations.
根据主题人类与动物的区别，我们意译为：人类生活在思想的世界中，并根据物体和组织的概念做出行动和反应。
7、It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.
解析：本句是it引导的形式主语，真正的主语是：such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail是定语从句，省略了which is，这样切分意群：It is becoming less clear,/ however, that such a theory /would be a simplification, /given the dimensions and universes /that it might entail,/ nonetheless, /unification of sorts /remains /a major goal. 逐个翻译意群的意思，然后再组合成通顺的汉语。
意译：然而，鉴于这样一种理论所涵盖的规模和领域，他是否还算是一种简化就越来越模糊了。尽管如此，将多样性统一化依然是主要目标。
8、Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status. 老师，麻烦您把"in response... status" 这部分的结构给分析下吧，谢谢!
解析：children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status是从句，children是主语，commit宾语，in response to 状语。
本句是宾语从句，难点在in response to后的翻译，切分意群：Theories focusing on the role of society/ suggest /that children commit crimes /in response to their failure /to rise above their socioeconomic status.需要大家来意译：
强调社会角色的理论认为，孩子们犯罪是他们自己没有成功地超越现有的社会经济地位的.(自发的，本能的)反应行为。
9、Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
解析：首先我们来切分意群：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
然后我们在翻译时要注意：
1)主干结构是主从复合句：Some philosophers argue that...
2)that引导的是宾语从句
3)as part of.。。是宾语从句中的rights的主语补足语。
同时我们学员在翻译时要注意以下的词汇：
argue 论证
a social contract 社会契约
as part of 作为(是)……的一部分
entitlements 利益，权利
综合以上的分析我们可以意译：
有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。
10、It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all。
解析：首先我们来切分意群：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think /that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or /with no consideration at all。
然后我们翻译时要注意以下几个部分：
1) it invites you to think that…后面是宾语从句。
2) animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要么……要么……，是表示选择的方式状语。
3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定语。
最后翻译时要注意以下的词汇：
leads ...to extremes 引向极端
at the outset 从一开始
invites you to think 使人们认为
consideration 关切，体谅
humans extend to other humans 人对待人
综合以上的总结我们可以意译：
这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
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