考研英语完型填空考前冲刺题
【考研英语完型填空考前冲刺题1】
Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help.
Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for.
Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.
1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue
2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering
3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive
4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial
5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding
6.[A] outlook [B] outcome [C] outbreak [D] outset
7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising
8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for
9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant
10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It
11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay
12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus
13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity
14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply
15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic
16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding
17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies
18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at
19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] compact [D] intricate
20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
总体分析
本文主要讨论了老龄化给经合组织国家现存养老体系带来的挑战。文章第一段指出老龄化给经合组织国家带来的挑战，并提出推迟退休可能对解决该问题有所帮助。第二段分析了早退休给养老体系带来的问题，即越来越多的人早退休而寿命延长，随着出生率的降低，就会有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人来为他们养老，养老金在国家财政中所占的比例增加，成为无法承受的负担。第三段探讨了解决方法，指出仅仅减少公共养老金的数量，增加私有养老的比例是不够的，许多政府在考虑说服人们晚退休。
全文翻译
老龄化给经合组织国家，尤其是在如何支付未来的公共养老金负债方面，带来了严重的挑战。早退休给退休金的融资带来了难以承受的负担。没有什么简单的解决方案，但推迟退休(年龄)可能有所帮助。
早退休可能看起来是个值得追求的个人目标，但对于社会来说却是昂贵的，它使当前的公共养老金系统难以持久。基本原因是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长。这意味着更多的退休人员要依赖在职者的资助作为收入。这一前景是令人担忧的。未来50年，经合组织国家的低出生率和预期寿命的增加将使这一老年依赖率提高大约一倍。占经合组织国家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在国内生产总值中的.比例预期将平均增加超过三个百分点，而在有些国家甚至会增加八个百分点。养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们预期或认为应该得到的养老金的危险。
【考研英语完型填空考前冲刺题2】
Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We 1 towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, 2 rather steeper. Here we found little snow, 3 most of it seemed to have been 4 off the mountain. There was no 5 of the mountain in the distance because the clouds were forming all around us.
About 1 o’clock a storm 6 suddenly. We had time to have 7 its approach but we were concentrating on cutting steps, and 8 we had time to do anything, we were blinded by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait 9 , getting colder and colder. 10 my hood(兜帽), my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I dared not take a hand out of my glove to warm them.
After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 11 to avoid being frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had 12 the outline of a dark buttress(扶壁)just above us, to descend in the wind was 13 question; our only hope was to scramble up to this buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could 14 our tent.
We climbed to this place and started to 15 the ice. At first my companion seemed to regard the 16 as hopeless but gradually the wind 17 and he cheered up. 18 we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we did this as 19 we could. We 20 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep, felling that we were lucky to be still alive.
1. A. setB. gotC. madeD. took
2. A evenB. thoughC. soD. if
3. A. when B. whereC. asD. so that
4. A. fallenB. flownC. splitD. blown
5. A. viewB. visionC. lookD. glimpse
6. A. came upB. came outC. came overD. came on
7. A. viewedB. noticedC. notifiedD. glanced
8. A. afterB. beforeC. unlessD. until
9. A. motionlesslyB. constantlyC. steadilyD. continually
10. A. In spite ofB. In relation toC. In case ofD. In the event of
11. A. anythingB. nothingC. somethingD. everything
12. A. laid outB. made outC. drawn outD. marked out
13. A. withoutB. inC. beyondD. out of date
14. A. wrenchB. wedgeC. padD. pinch
15. A. cut downB. cut away C. cut outD. cut off
16. A. positionB. situationC. occupationD. orientation
17. A. died outB. died offC. died backD. died down
18. A. Instead ofB. FurthermoreC. IndeedD. At last
19. A. wellB. goodC. bestD. better
20. A. climbedB. crashedC. creptD. crawled
参考答案及解析：
1. 【答案】C. made
【解析】本题测试惯用搭配. make towards(=make for, go forwards, move in the direction of …) 朝….走去。
2. 【答案】B. though
【解析】本题测试逻辑搭配.though 表示让步意义，引导让步状语从句。因为从句主语和主句主语相同，从句谓语又包含be,所以从句中的主语和助动词可以省略。例如：1) The girl, though plain, had a good kind face. 2) I went on talking , though continually interrupted by John.
3. 【答案】C. as
【解析】本题测试逻辑搭配.从上下文意思看，本句中从句与主句的联系是因果关系，故选 as,表示原因，其他词均不切题。
4. 【答案】D. blown
【解析】本题测试词义搭配.fallen 和flown均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。blow vt.吹，正合题意。
本句译文：这里我们没有发现什么雪，因为大部分雪似乎已从山上刮走了。
5. 【答案】A. view
【解析】本题测试词义搭配. 此处view 意为“看见的东西，景色”，例如：Your house has a fine view of the hills. (从你的房子能看到这些小山的美丽景色。)本句译文：看不到远处的山，因为我们四周的云层正在形成。
6. 【答案】A. came up
【解析】本题测试词义型惯用搭配.come up (=happen)发生，形成：A snowstorm is coming up. (一场暴风雪正在酝酿之中。)本句中有suddenly, 故用came up 比came on 更妥。
7. 【答案】B. noticed
【解析】本题测试词义搭配. notify vt.(=inform sb. of sth. ; report sth. to sb.) 通知，报告。glance(at) (=take a quick look at) 看一眼(强调行为的过程)。因此，notify和glance均不符合题意。notice vt. ( =become aware of; observe)注意到;留心;看到(强调行为的结果);view vt.(=look at or watch carefully)仔细察看，注视(强调行为的过程)。可见，此句中应选，noticed.
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