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高考英语辅导续:情态动词考查热点透视2
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should(ought to)+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You________ her last week. (2004年福建卷)
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D. should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. (2002年上海春季卷)
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
Key: D C
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005年山东卷)
A. could B. would
C. must D. need
Key:A
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如:
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的,因为天就要下雨了。
— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005年福建卷)
A. needn’t do
B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do
D. shouldn’t have done
Key: B
三、常见的情态动词
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (2004年重庆卷)
A. mayB. should
C. mustD. shall
②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
— You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (2004年湖南卷)
A. shan’t B. might not
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of course. (2003年北京春季卷)
A. Will B. Shall
C. Would D. Do
Key: D A B
2. must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”;mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。
①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour? (2005年全国卷Ⅲ)
A. Must B. Can
C. May D. Need
②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (2005年全国卷Ⅰ)
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. may not
Key: A B
3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。
— Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
— She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. (2005年湖南卷)
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
Key: C
4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.(1996年上海卷)
A. would B. should
C. had better D. might
Key: A
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/were able to,而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. (1997年全国卷)
A. had to B. would
C. was able to D. could
Key:C
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
①—Write to me when you get home.
— _______. (2001年北京春季卷)
A. I must B. I should
C. I will D. I can
② — Could I call you by your first name?
—Yes, you ______. (1998年上海卷)
A. will B. could
C. may D. might
Key:C C
巩固练习:
1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t
C. should D. may
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. won’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can
C. must D. will
6. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can
C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will
C. may D. shall
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need
C. should D. would
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t
C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken
B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken
D. couldn’t have spoken
答案与解析
1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度,needn’t意思是“没有必要”,与语境不符。
2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿,但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知,说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味,应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式,“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测,“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。
3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”,“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。
4. A 从第二分句可知,这是妇女和儿童专用候车室,因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止,不准”。
5. B can在此表示许可。
6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测,can not的语气太绝对,意思是“根本不可能”。
7. D shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩,意思是“竟然”。
9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will;否定回答用I won’t。
10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”, 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。
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