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语法知识主谓一致的解析
语法是掌握英语的一个基础,打好这个基础会使你分析文章更容易,也能够写出很好的句式,小编整理了主谓一致的语法点,供大家学习参考。
主谓一致
I要点
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致。
1、语法上一致
(1)、以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，主语为复数时，谓语用复数，如，To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)、用and或both……and连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数，如，Both he and I are right.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
(3)、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，谓语动词仍用单数，如，The teacher as well as his students is excited.
(4)、某些不定代词，如做主语，谓语动词要用单数，如:Everyone has a book.
(5)、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.
2、意义上一致
(1)、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如，Twenty years is not a long time.
(2)、表示总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如，People are talking about the accident.
(3)、有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如指其中每个成员，则用复数，如，My family is a big one.
My family are watching TV.
3、邻近一致
用连词or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致，如，Either you or I am mad.
II.例题
例1、The chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.
A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built
解析：该题答案为A。works形式上是复数，意思上是单数，因此谓语动词用单数，类似的还有news, maths, politics, physics.
例2、They each _______ a copy of the new physics.
A. have B. has C. having D. gets
解析：该题答案为A。They each不等于each of …, each of 这个词组作主语谓语用单数如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主语，谓语要随each前面的词来变化。
主谓一致
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。人称指的是主语作为第一、第二、第三等不同人称时，谓语动词的变化；数指的是谓语动词的单复数变化。
总的来说，主谓一致有以下 3 个指导原则：
语法一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语必须采取复数形式。例如：
Both teachers have their own merits.
The boy has a cute sister.
意义一致：主语和谓语的关系不取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单复数意义。例如：
The family are all fond of football.
The family is the tiniest cell of the society.
就近原则：这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。例如：
Not only he but also all his family are keen on music.
Neither his family nor he knows anything about the news.
1.以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
1)以 s 结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称，这些名词通常当单数用；
Arthritis is a disease causing pain in the joints of the body.
Darts is essentially an easy game.
注意：个别表示游戏名称的名词作复数用，如：
Cards are not allowed at school.2
2)以 s 结尾的地理名称，国名用单数，群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等用复数；
The United States is a developed country.
The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.
3)以 ics 结尾的学科名称，通常做单数用；
Physics is an important subject in middle school.
Maths is the study of numbers.
Tactics is an important study for the soldiers.
4)其他以 s 结尾的名词；
a.由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以 s 结尾，如 scissors，trousers 等。这一类名词，通常做复数用；带一把、一条等则做单数用。
The scissors on your desk are very sharp.
Wendys new trousers are a little bit expensive.
One pair of scissors isnt enough.
How much is this pair of trousers?
b.以 s 结尾的名词如： contents、fireworks、goods、stairs 等通常做复数。
The contents of this book are fascinating.
The goods provided by this company are the best.3
c.由 ings 结尾的名词，如 earrings、diggings、surroundings 等，通常用做复数。
Her earrings are the highest in our company.
Maybe your surroundings are starting to affect you.
d.以 s 结尾的单复数同行的名词，如 headquarters、species、remains 等。随后动词的单复数形式取决于这些名词是用做单数还是复数；
A headquarters needs to be set up in China to direct the operation.
Their headquarters are in Beijing.
A new species of mammal has been found in Hongkong.
There are 450 species of flatfish are known.
The old mans remains lie in the backyard.
Here is the remains of the temple.
2.以集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
1)通常做复数的集体名词；如：police，cattle，people 等。
The police are looking for him.
People live longer and longer.
2)通常做不可数名词的集体名词；如：machinery、equipment、merchandise 等。
The machinery is driven by electricity.
This equipment has saved the lives of a number of new born children.
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词；如：class、family、 public等。
The family is rich.
My family all like playing football.
4)“a committee of 等+复数名词”通常用做单数。
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
The board of directors is responsible for the management of the firm.
3.以并列结构作主语时的主谓一致问题
1)由 and/both…and 连接的并列主语，通常用做复数。
Wendy and Blair are going to HongKong tomorrow.
Both Wendy and Blair have a little sister. 注意：如果做主语的并列结果表示单数意义，则动词用单数，如：
Ham and egg is a good breakfast.
2)由 or/either…or/neither nor 等连接的并列主语，随后的动词形式按就近原则处理。
My two sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.
My brother or my two sisters are likely be at home.
Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon.
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
Neither the players nor the coach was overconfident.
Neither the coach nor the players were overconfident.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.
Not only the old wiring but also the switches have been changed.5
3)主语+as much as/rather than/more than 等引导从句时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。
Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.
His brother rather than his parents is to blame.
My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again.
4)主语+as well as/with/together with/except 等引导的词组时，随后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的单复数形式。
The father, as well as his sons, is going to Beijing tomorrow.
The manager with some workers was working during the summer holiday.
Bill, together with his sisters, was hurt in the accident.
No one except two girls was late for the dinner.
4.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
1)以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
a.数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数；被看做一个个的个体，则动词用复数；
Three years is too short a time, the senior high school headmaster warned.
There are 3 dollars in each of the stockings.6
b.主语由“分数/百分数+of +词组”构成，其动词的形式依 of 后
名词类别而定；
Two thirds of the water is polluted.
Two thirds of the students are boys.
Over sixty percent of the the city was destroyed in the war.
Thirty-five percent of the doctors in Shekou Hospital are women.
c.主语由“one in/one out of+复数名词”构成，其后动词通常用单数；
One in(out of) ten students has failed the exam.
d.加减乘除运算一般用单数，加和乘页可用复数。
40 minus 15 is 25.
40 divided by 8 is 5.
7 plus 4 is/are 11.
5 times 8 is/are 40.
2)以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语
a.主语由 most of…，some of…，all of…等构成，其后的动词形式依 of 后名词类别而定；
Most of the money we used today is made of paper.
Most of the teachers are women in our company.
Half of the building was damaged in the explosion.
Half of the students were absent yesterday because of the flu.
b.主语由 lots of, loads of, plenty of 等构成，其后的动词形式依 of 后名词类别而定；
Lots of food is going to be wasted.
Lots of people are waiting outside.
Plenty of sugar is imported from Cuba.
Plenty of apples have been picked from the trees.
c.主语由 a portion of, a series of, a pile of 等构成，其后的动词通常用单数形式。
Only a portion of your previous working experience is related to teaching.
A series of accidents has been reported.
There is a pile of books on the table.
d.主语由“many/more than one+名词”等构成，其意义虽属于多
数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。
I met him many a time in the bus.
More than one person has been concerned in this affair.
e.主语由“an average of/a majority of+名词复数”构成，其后的动词形式通常用复数。
An average of 10 students are absent each day.
A majority of Taiwanese believe in Buddhism and Taoism.
f.主语由限定词+kind/type/sort of+名词等构成，分为两种情况：
①在 a kind/type/sort of+名词，this kind/type/sort of+名词之后，动词用单数。
There is a kind of rose, which fills the air with fragrance when May comes.
This kind of man annoys me.
This type of car is old-fashioned.
②在 these kinds of+名词, many/several kinds of+名词之后，动词用复数。
There are many kinds of different snake in the mountains.
These kinds of insects are harmful.
These types of car are imported from Japan.
5.其他方面的主谓一致问题
1)由 what，who，why 等引导的主语从句中，其后动词用单数；
What caused the accident is a mystery.
Whether this will be successful or not is still difficult to
predict. 注意：两个由 and 连接的并列名词性从句作主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery.
2)由不定式和 ing 分词做主语时，随后的动词通常用单数；
To eat well is all he asks;
Playing tennis is a very good exercise.
3)在“one of+复数名词+从句”结构中，其后的动词通常按语法一致原则用复数。
He is one of my friends who help me a lot.
Maria is one of those people who are always happy. 注意：这类结构之前有定冠词 the/the only 时，其后动词依 one 而定用单数。
Wendy is the only one of those girls who is still insist on running in the morning.
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