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6月英语四级语法:特殊句式之强调句
一、用强调结构来强调
英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型,那就是“it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他”结构。比较:
It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。
It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。
第一句的被强调的成分的是in the office,第二句的被强调成分是the children。其中that和who的区别是:当强调人时,可用that或who,当强调其他成分时,用that。注意,当强调时间和地点时,不能用when和 where 代替that。
在具体使用时,要特别注意这类强调句的疑问句形式。比较:
陈述句:It is because he is ill that he can’t come. 是因为生病他才没有来。
一般疑问句:Is it because he is ill that he can’t come? 是因为生病他才没有来吗?
特殊疑问句:Why is it that he can’t come? 他为什么不能来?
另外,还要注意not...until…这一句型的强调句莆式,它的基本形式是It is (was) not until…that…。如:
直到我遇到你以后,我才真正体会到幸福。
正常:I didn’t know real happiness until I met you.
强调:It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
直到吃完饭他才现身。
正常:He didn’t turn up until the meal was over.
强调:It was not until the meal was over that he turned up.
二、助动词,形容词,副词的强调
1.强调动词 => do,does,did
I love you.
I really love you.
I do love you.
第二、三句都是有表示加强的语气,动词前面加个do 就可以强调该动词。
Do feel free to call me at any time.
Do开头如果是肯定句的时候它的作用是强调动作。
翻译:在任何时间打电话给我都不要觉得有顾虑,想打就打。/ 不要客气,任何时间都可以打给我。
She rarely speaks at our meeting, but when she does speak, she is always to the point.
翻译:她很少在会上发言,但是只要她一开口往往都会讲到重点,一针见血。
to the point 是切题,beside the point 是离题。
2.强调名词 => 反身代名词或very(正是…)
This is the very spot where I found the purse.
翻译:这里(正)是我找到钱包的确实地点。
Very 可以强调名词,表示正是这个东西,做形容词用。
He is happiness itself.
=> He is very happy.
=> He is all happiness.
强调名词的时候可以在其后用反身代名词,或在其前加上all 如all happiness 。
3.强调形容词或副词
i 原级:very,so,awfully,highly,terribly,dreadfully
ii 比较级:much,even,a lot,far,still
iii 最高级:much,far and away, by far, possible
possible 尽我所能,最大程度,所以是最高级。
It flys high.
翻译:它飞得很高。
这里的high 是副词(表程度)修饰flys,不可以用highly ,它是very 的意思,副词的章节有提到。
I am much taller than you.
翻译:我比你高得多了。
比较级用much 。
The dog is terribly smart.
这里的terribly 是very 的意思。
翻译:这只狗很聪明。
The question was much easier than I had thought.
翻译:这道题比我想的容易很多。
在我还没有碰到这个问题的时候我以为它很难,所以想的动作在碰到问题之前,先前的动作用过去完成式。
That’s much the best plan.
注意:plane 才是飞机,plan 是计划。
翻译:那是最好的计划。
much 可以不说,但是加上之后就表示“好得不得了”。
=> That’s the very best plan.
注意:very 和much 的位置不同,much 要在形容词前面,very 在the 和最高级中间。
They are selling computers at the lowest possible prices at that store.
翻译:他们正在以最低的价格出售电脑。
possible 是最最最的意思,尽最大可能,在这里强调the lowest,通常放在名词前面,但是在anything,everything,something,anybody,somebody,everybody 要摆在其后。
I’ll do everything to help you.
I’ll do everything possible to help you.
翻译:我会做任何一件事情来帮你。只要我做得到的我会尽最大可能来帮你。
注意:物品的贵贱和价格高低的区别。
The jacket is very cheap.
翻译:这件夹克好便宜哦。
但是如果说成“这件夹克的价格好便宜哦”,就应该这样表示:
The price of the jacket is very low.
如果没有提及价格price 直接用cheap/expensive (便宜/昂贵),提及了price 只能用low/high 表示价格的高低。
三、疑问词的强调
Who on earth is calling at this hour?
翻译:到底是谁在这个时候打电话给我?
What in the world did you mean by that?
翻译:你那样说到底是什么意思呀?
by that 表示通过那样的方式。在口语经常用到,但是确实比较粗鲁的说法,不太推荐。
注意,口语中也有用the hell,the devil,the deuce 等用来强调,都是不好的意思。
四、否定句的强调
We will never make such a mistake again.
=> Never again will we make such a mistake.
强调否定就可以将否定词放到句首,然后再将句子倒装。
again 再一次,程度副词可以放句首倒装,所以可以和否定字一起拿到句首。
翻译:我们不会再次犯这样的错误了。
强调的是“不再”和“犯错”。
The dress does not suit her at all.
在助动词后面的suit 明显就是个动词,表示“适合”。
翻译:这件洋装一点也不适合她。
注意:at all 也可以强调疑问句或条件句。
Did you fallow/take the doctor’s advice at all?
翻译:你究竟有没有遵照医生的忠告?
If you learn English at all, learn it well.
翻译:既然你要学英文,就把它学好吧。
注意:否定的强调,可将否定字放句首,或用at all 。
far from, in the least, by no means(绝非…), anything but(绝不是…) 等。
He is not a liar at all.
=> He is far from a liar.
离骗子差远了,说明不是个骗子。如果假动作太假就不是假动作了。
=> He is not in the least a liar.
用最低标准来看他都不是个骗子,他根本不是骗子。
=> He is by no means a liar.
翻译:他绝非骗子。
=> He is anything but a liar.
他可以是任何的东西,各种状况,但是除了骗子。
翻译:他绝对不是骗子。
He is no(=>not a) liar.
用no 的语气比较强烈。
五、字词重复的强调
I waited for hours and hours.
翻译:我左等右等,等了好几个小时。
He read the romantic letter aloud again and again / over and over (again).
如果是现在式,主词是he 三单动词得用reads,所以本句是过去式,read 是三态同型。
翻译:他一再大声地朗读那封情书。
六.其他强调
She is the most beautiful girl that I’v ever seen.
翻译:她是我曾经看过的最美丽的女孩。
用ever 曾经来强调。
What(=>The thing which) surprised me was her scream.
当what 用文法的角度和翻译的角度都不能解释成“什么”的时候,可将what 替换成the thing which 。
翻译:最让我感到讶异的是她的尖叫声。
关系代名词which 引导的是形容词子句,修饰the thing 。
The first thing to remember is not to criticize anyone.
首先要做的事情就是被强调成最重要的事情,首要之物,当务之急。
to remember 这个不定词是thing 的形容词,多于一个字的形容词在名词后面。
动词改成形容词的其中一个方法就是在前面加to 用不定词。
翻译:首先要去做的事情是不要去批评任何人。
All (you have to do) is study hard.
先行词为all 的时候通常会省略一个受格关系代名词that ,固定的all 只能用that 做关代,完整是这样:
All that (you have to do) is study hard.
中间藏了个子句you have to do ,注意:如果这句话的is 改成was 那么子句的have 要改成had,时态一致。
All (you had to do) was study hard.
本句的study 是原形不定词,它是动词,但是没有对应的主词,所以换个名称叫“原形不定词”,be 动词后可用形容词。
All I had to do is dream.
翻译:我所要做的事情就是做梦。
这里的dream 也是be 动词后面的原形不定词。
注意:All I have to do is get on the Internet.
换种说法:All I can/could do is get on the Internet.
=> What I have to do is get on the Internet.
先行词是all 时必须用that ,同时all that = what = the thing which ,都还是一种强调句。
=> The only thing (that) I have to do is surf the Internet.
=> The first thing (that) I have to do is surf the Internet.
受格的关代that 都被省略掉了。
上网的两种说法,get on the Internet / surf the Internet 。
翻译:我要做的事情就是上网。
强调句练习题
1.You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ______ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
正确答案】D
【答案详解】句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
2. It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
正确答案】C
【答案详解】为强调句型,被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview,句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张,使他失去了这份工作”。
3.It is only when you nearly lose someone______you become fully aware of how much you value him.
正确答案】that
【答案详解】句意:只有当你几乎失去某个人时,你才能充分认识到你是多么在乎他。分析句子结构可知,这是一个强调句,“It is+被强调部分+that”,所以空格处填that。
4. The question that puzzled them is how it is ______they can get rid of the air pollution in the area.
【正确答案】that
【答案详解】句意:让他们困惑的问题是他们怎样才能消除这个地区的空气污染。第一个is后为含强调句的表语从句,how既是表语从句的连接词,又是强调句中被强调的部分,故填that。
5.His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.
A.that B.how C.who D.what
【正确答案】D
【命题立意】考查强调句。
【解题思路】根据句型结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,且宾语从句中缺少express的宾语,所以用what引导该宾语从句,同时what也是这个强调句的引导词。
6.I don’t mind her pointing out my weaknesses,but_____is how she does it that I am opposed to.
【正确答案】it
【答案详解】句意:我不介意她指出我的缺点,但是我反对的就是她指出的方式。由句意和结构看,but后的分句是一个强调句型,被强调的是介词宾语how she does it,所填词是强调结构中的it。
7. Remember the golden rule that it is attitude______matters much in daily work.
【正确答案】that
【答案详解】句意:记住这个黄金定律:在日常工作中态度非常重要。分析句子结构可知,这是一个强调句,被强调部分是主语,所以要填that。
8.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course, I have. It was in our village______it was made.
A.that B.where C.when D.which
【正确答案】A
【命题立意】考查强调句。
【解题思路】分析句子结构可知,此处是强调句,被强调的部分为in our village。强调句结构为 it is/was...that...
9.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______benefits our work most.
A.who B.which C.that D.what
【正确答案】C
【命题立意】考查强调句。
【解题思路】由语境可知,对我们的工作最有好处的不是我们做了多少,而是我们对自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。分析题干可知,被强调部分是句子的主语,而且运用了 not... but... 结构,句子的谓语动词是 benefits,宾语是our work。故C项正确。
10.It was not until I came here _____I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A.who B. that C.where D.before
【正确答案】B
【命题立意】考查强调句型。难度较大。
【解题思路】句意为:直到我来到这儿才意识到这个地方非常著名,不但因为它的美丽而且还因为它的天气。此处是强调句型和not until的连用,构成“It was/is not until...that...”句型,表示“直到……才……”,强调时间状语。故B项正确。
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