2016年6月英语四级翻译练习及译文
话题一：保健品
话题材料：
随着生活水平的提高，保健品(health care products)日益受到中国人的喜爱。人们花费大量金钱来购买能量饮料、维生素药片和美容饮品。这些保健品宣称含有抗氧化物(antioxidants)，能使人增强体质、延缓衰老。 然而，最近有研究表明抗氧化物可能只是一个医学童话。几乎没有什么数据可以证明抗氧化物可以预防疾病。 专家认为，要打抗氧化作用(oxidative stress)，就要多运动，多吃水果和蔬菜。
参考译文：
1.第1句中，“随着生活水平的提高”是状语，可语为状语从句as the living standards improve，也可译为介词短语with the improvement of the living standards：“保健品H益受到中国人的喜爱”是句中的主体，翻译时，可沿用汉语句中的表达结构，译为health care products become increasingly popular with Chinese people，也可将主语转换为中国人(Chinese people)，将保健品转换为宾语，译为Chinese people tend to welcome health care products.
2.第2句中的谓宾结构“花费大量金钱来购买……”可套用英讲常用表达spend time/money (in) doing sth.，译为spend quite a large sum of money (in) buying.
3.第3句“这些保健品宜称古有抗氧化物，能使人……”中包含3个动词，如果逐字对译为These health care products claim that they contain…and make people…则稍显生硬。分析该句可知，“能使人增强体质、延缓衰老”说的是抗氧化物(antioxidante)的作用，故在翻译时，可将其转译成抗氧化物的定语从句。
4.第5句的前半部分的“几乎没有什么数椐”可处理成There be结构，“几乎没有”用little表达;可以证明抗氧化物可以预防疾病“是补充说明”数椐“的情况，可用分词短语supporting…表达，其中的”抗氧化物可以……“说的是抗氧化物的作用，译作名词短语the use of antioxidants to…简洁明了，”可以预防疾病“表目的，用不定式短语to protect against diseases 来表达。
Chinese people tend to welcome health careproducts as the living standards improve. Theywould spend quite a large sum of money buyingenergy drinks, vitamin pills and beauty drinks. Thesehealth care products claim that they contain theantioxidants which could build bodies and slow aging.However, recent studies show that antioxidants may be just a medical fairy tale. There is littledata supporting the use of antioxidants to protect against diseases. Experts say that to fightoxidative stress, people need to do more exercise and eat more fruits and vegetables.
话题二：中国房地产
话题材料：
过去十年中国房地产(real estate)行业高速发展。但是，对很多人来说，买房却不是一件容易的事情。高昂的房价甚至使一些年轻情侣推迟了结婚的计划。鉴于此种情况，近年来政府采取了一系列的措施来抑制房价过快增长，包括整顿和规范房地产市场、提高房贷利率(mortgage rate)、增设房产税(property tax)。目前，这些措施在部分城市取得了初步成效。
参考译文：
1.第1句可直译为 For the past decade, China's realestate developed rapidly，但如果以时间“过去十年”作为句子主语，套用句型time + see/witness + sth.则表达更加生动形象。此时see/witness表“经历，以……为特点”之义。本句可译为The past decade has witnessed…。
2.第2句中的“买房却不是一件容易的事情” 可译为buying ahouse is not an easy thing，但套用it is + a. + to dosth.句型来翻译“做某事是怎么样的”会更符合英文的表达习惯，故该句宜译作it is quite difficult for manypeople to buy a house.
3.在第4句中，“鉴于此种情况”既可直译为In view of the situation，也可译为Given this situation，或是根据上下文转译为For this reason.“来抑制房价球快增长目的，故用不定式短语作状语，译作to preventthe housing price from rising too fast：”包括整顿……“起补充说明的作用，可译为 includingregulating…。
4.在翻译最后一句时，应转换主语为“初步成效”，用被动语态译出更符合英文表达习惯，译作preliminaryeffects have been achieved…。状语“在部分城市”表达为in some cities，置于句末。
The past decade has witnessed a high-speeddevelopment in China's real estate. But it is quite formany people to buy a house. The high housing priceeven makes some young couples their plan formarriage. In view of the situation, the governmenthas adopted a series of measures in recent years toprevent the housing price from rising too fast, including regulating and the real estate market, raising mortgage rates, and introducing property tax. At present, preliminary effects havebeen achieved in some cities.
话题三：中国画
话题材料：
国画是中国文化遗产的重要组成部分。不同于西方画，它是用毛笔(Chinese brush)和墨汁在宣纸(xuan paper)上作画的。精通这门艺术需要不断重复的练习， 需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识。绘画前，画家必须在脑海里有一个草图并根据他的想象力和经验进行绘画。许多中国画家既是诗人，又是书法家。他们经常会在自己的画上亲手添加诗作。
参考译文：
Chinese painting is an important part of thecountry's cultural heritage. It distinguishes itselffrom Western painting in that it is drawn on xuanpaper with the Chinese brush and Chinese ink. Toattain proficiency in this art, it is necessary to havea good control of the brush, and certain knowledge of xuan paper and Chinese ink besidesrepeated exercises.Before painting, the painter must have a draft in his mind and drawaccording to his imagination and experience. Many a Chinese painter is at the same time a poetand calligrapher who often adds a poem with his own hand on the painting.
1.不同于西方画，它是用毛笔和墨汁在宣纸上作画的：“不同于”可译为distinguish oneself from sth.，也可用bedifferent from 表示。“毛笔和墨汁”可译为the Chinesebrush and Chinese ink，此处可同用一个冠词表示整体：“用”可用介词with，表示方式。
2.精通这门艺术需要不断重复的'练习，需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识：“精通这门艺术”可译为toattain proficiency in this art，attain意为“获得、获取”，proficiency意为“精通、熟练”。“需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识”，该句可理解为 “控制好毛笔和认识宣纸、墨汁也是必要的”。
话题四：指南针
话题材料：
中国是世界上公认发明指南针的国家。早在2400多年前，中国人就创造出世界上最早的指南针。后来经过不断改进，到宋朝(the Song Dynasty)人们制造出铁针指南针并应用于航海。中国是第一个在海船上使用指南针的国家。指南针为明代(the Ming Dynasty)郑和下西洋提供了条件。后来指南针传入欧洲，推动了欧洲航海事业的发展为，哥伦布(Columbus)的航行提供了技术保证。
参考译文：
1.第1句中的“发明指南针的”可处理成后置定语，用现在分词短语having invented the compass来表达，也可用定语从句which has invented…来表达。
2.翻译第3句中的“后来经过不断改进”时，宜加上主语“指南针”，而由于前一句的靠后部分已出现过 compass，故这里可用it来作主语。“到宋朝人们制造出铁针指南针并应用于航海”可用并列结构为 people produced…and applied it in…。“铁针指南针”可表达为 compass with iron needles.
3.第4句中的“在海船上使用指南针的”较长，宜将其处理成后置定语，用现在分词短语using the compass来表达，其中“在海船上”为状语，译作on sea-going ships，按照英语表达习惯，置于句末。
4.最后一句中有3个动作，“指南针传人……，推动了……，……提供了……”，仔细分析可发现，“推动了”和 “提供了”是结果，故将“指南针传人……”作句子主干，“推动了……，提供了……”用现在分词短语来表达， 作结果状语，译作 the compass spread into Eurpe, promoting…and guaranteeing…。
China is universally recognized as the country having invented the compass. As early as 2,400 years ago, Chinese people created the earliest compass in the world. Later it was further improved continuously. During the Song Dynasty, people produced the compass with iron needles and applied it in navigation. China is the first country using the compass on seagoing ships. The compass provided aid for Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty. Later the compass spread into Europe, promoting the development of the European marine industey and guaranteeing technical support for Columbus' navigation.
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