英语四级考前模拟试题
在日常学习、工作生活中，我们都要用到试题，借助试题可以更好地检查参考者的学习能力和其它能力。那么一般好的试题都具备什么特点呢？以下是小编收集整理的英语四级考前模拟试题，希望对大家有所帮助。
英语四级考前模拟试题1
Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Overseas Study at an Early Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习
2. 形成这种趋势的原因
3. 我对些的看法
Oversea Study at an Early Age
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.
The Sky's Limit
Air travel is a rapidly growing source of greenhouse gases. But it is also an indispensable way of travel. The new A380 The double-decker A380, the biggest airliner the world has seen, landed at Heathrow last month to test whether London's main airport could handle the new 550-seater, due to enter commercial service at the end of this year. It was a proud moment for Britain's Rolls-Royce, the makers of the aircraft's Trent 900 engines. Rolls-Royce says the four Trents on the A380 are as clean and efficient as any jet engine, and produce "as much power as 3,500 family cars". A simple calculation shows that the equivalent of more than six cars is needed to fly each passenger.
Take the calculation further: flying a fully laden A380 is, in terms of energy, like a 14km (nine-mile) queue of traffic on the road below. And that is just one aircraft. In 20 years, Airbus reckons, 1,500 such planes will be in the air. By then, the total number of airliners is expected to have doubled, to 22,000. The huge airplane alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide (CO2) at the same rate as 5 million cars.
That may not seem much compared with the 60 million vehicles that pour off assembly lines every year—or the 1 billion vehicles already on the world's roads. But whereas cars are used roughly for about an hour or so a day, jet airliners are on the move for at least 10 hours a day. And they burn tax-free, highoctane (1) 高能量的') fuel, which dumps hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO2 into the most sensitive part of the atmosphere.
Aviation is a relatively small source of the emissions blamed for global warming, but its share is growing the fastest. The evidence is strong. As a result, aviation is increasingly attracting the attention of environmentalists and politicians. Amid much controversy, CO2caps (最高限制) and carbon-trading could soon be used to help curb aircraft emissions.
Frequent flyers, free riders
Airlines are accused of having a free ride in terms of air pollution because they pay no tax on the fuel they use for international flights. Even though today's aircraft are about 70% more efficient than those of 40 years ago, concerns over emissions have grown. Despite booming demand for air travel, many airlines are losing money. Now green campaigners want people to think twice before they fly. The opposing voice is particularly loud in Europe, where low-cost carriers are expanding fast on busy shorthaul (2) 短距离) routes. The European Parliament will vote in July on a proposal to limit aircraft emissions.
America is deeply unhappy at the prospect of its airlines being affected. Sharon Pinkerton, a senior representative of the Federal Aviation Administration insisted, on a visit to Brussels last year, that American carriers should be exempted from the scheme. This sets the scene for another transatlantic aviation dispute, to add to the two bitter and long-running disputes over subsidies to Europe's Airbus and the liberalisation of air traffic between the two continents.
The airlines are growing nervous. The big international carriers represented by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) would rather Europe waited for the deliberations of a United Nations body, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), which has set technical, legal and safety rules for more than 50 years. International aviation was excluded from the Kyoto protocol on global warming, but only on condition that, by theend of 2007, countries and airlines worked under the umbrella of ICAO to come up with a way of reducing emissions through a trading scheme.
Soon after the end of the Second World War the member governments of ICAO agreed that airlines should be free of fuel taxes. Some say this was to outlaw unilateral taxes that could distort markets, but others reckon it was done to boost the fledgling airline industry emerging from the fighting. The corollary was that aviation, unlike motor traffic and other forms of transport, would pay in a transparent manner for the infrastructure and services it required-air-traffic management, landing charges, flyover rights and so on. That was supposed to take care of the external costs. But no one in those days thought much about the environment. Counting the cost It was not until 1999 that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) attempted to reduce the effect of aviation on the environment. Transport as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the world's CO2 discharges. That makes it one of the biggest sources, alongside power generation and households, as a source of the gas. Within transport, aviation accounts for about 13%. Its contribution to total man-made emissions worldwide is said to be around 3%. So why all the fuss about so little? One reason is that high-altitude emissions are probably disproportionately damaging to the environment. The nitrogen oxides from jet-engine exhausts lead to the formation of ozone, another greenhouse gas. Contrails (飞行云) are also suspected of enhancing the formation of cirrus clouds, which some scientists think adds to the global warming effect. The IPCC estimated that the overall impact on global warming of aircraft could be between two and four times that of their CO2 emissions alone, though there is no scientific consensus about the size of this multiplier.
Naturally, the airlines choose to measure the greenhouse gases they produce in the way that casts them in the best light — a trick they deploy on safety statistics, too. For instance, over half of aircraft accidents occur around take-off and landing. So accidents per passenger-mile compare very favourably with other means of transport. But at least one study has shown that, if accidents are measured per journey instead, aircraft are the second-most dangerous way of travelling, after motorcycles.
Likewise on greenhouse gases. IATA says an aircraft's fuel consumption is about the same as that of a family car, at 3.5 litres per 100 passenger-kilometres. So CO2 emissions are similar. But that is true only if the aircraft is full and the car's passenger seats are empty. And even then, a jumbo jet flying from London to Sydney would be like nearly 400 Volkswagen Polos each travelling just over 16,000km—the average distance a European drives in a year. In other words, although cars and aircraft discharge roughly the same amount of CO2for each passenger-kilometre, the aircraft travel an awful lot farther. Waiting to land
Crowded airports compound the problem. Busy runways at places such as Heathrow mean aeroplanes have to circle wastefully. The possibility of being held up ensures that pilots carry extra fuel, thereby increasing the aircraft's weight and, hence, its consumption of fuel. Other small changes could further save fuel and avoid carbon emissions: aircraft could be towed everywhere on the ground by electric vehicles. Consumers, too, can take a stand by voluntarily offsetting the carbon emissions associated with flying by paying, for instance, to have trees planted.
This week IATA said the net loss of the world's airlines in the past six years would amount to almost $44 billion. Carriers have been hit by terrorism, war, recession, the respiratory disease SAILS and soaring oil prices. There were hopes the industry could make a small profit in 2007, but having to pay for environmental costs could change that. Yet global warming is not something that airlines, or any other industry, can shake off for ever. Sooner or later, aviation will have to shoulder the burden it imposes on the planet.
1. This passage is mainly about how the development of airline industry has affected the environment through its greenhouse gases emission.
2. It is predicted that in 20 years, the huge airplanes alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide at the same rate as 5 million cars.
3. The author compares the effect of airliners on the environment and that of the cars and concluded that the effect ofthe former is less because the number of airplanes is much smaller than that of the cars.
4. In the past, aviation industry was the smallest source of greenhouse gases emission and thus did not attract people's attention.
5. Many airlines are having less profit today although there are more demand for air travel. 6. America is proposing an alternative plan to solve the problem of emission from airliners.
7. The airlines are mom and more nervous, and they want the problem be considered by IATA, a United Nations body.
8. ______as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the world's carbon dioxide discharges.
9. Although aviation accounts for only 3% of the total man-made emission, its______ are believed to be disproportionately damaging to the environment.
10. During the past six years, airline industry has been hit by terrorism, war, ______which made the industry suffer a total loss of $44 billion.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and (47) overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, (48) both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, (49) they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated (50) rather than outright revolution. During the conflict, people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not (51) disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.
America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modem nations. One was Canada, which (52) its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States; (53) was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer (54) for prisoners and debtors; the third newcomer—the United States — based itself squarely on republican principles.
Yet even the political overturn was not so (55) as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were (56) by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and parliament.
A) violent
B) seriously
C) revolutionary
D) evolution
E) another
F) and
G) replaced
H) repelled
I) other
J) received
K) but
L) severe
M) available
N) when
O) revolution
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
A study of facts and figures on development demonstrates that China has made remarkable social progress in a range of significant areas in the last 45 years.
China feeds and clothes 22 percent of the world's population with only seven percent of the world's farmland. The necessities of life food, clothing, goods for everyday use — are now within reach of the majority of the Chinese people. Nutrition has improved greatly for both urban and rural residents.
The Chinese government has taken a series of measures to eliminate or reduce poverty, bringing down the number of poor in the rural population from 250 million in 1978 to only 80 million in 1994, even though this was a period in which China's population increased by over 100 million.
The per capita living area in cities and towns increased from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 7.5 square meters in 1993. In rural areas the per capita housing has reached 20.8 square meters.
Educational developments have liberated millions of Chinese people from ignorance and illiteracy. In 1986 China instituted nine years of compulsory schooling, with the result that by 1993 school enrolment had reached 97.7 percent. Today, illiteracy among young and middle-aged people has dropped to only seven percent.
The state is taking measures to keep its labor force fully employed. In recent years the urban unemployment rate has remained between two and three percent. China has put strict controls on industrial pollution in an effort to improve the overall urban environment. Ecological methods of farming are being promoted and afforestation is being speeded up. In 1993 the country's forest coverage was 13.9 percent and 766 nature reserves covered a total of 661, 800 square kilometers.
China is working toward the goal of health care for everyone by the year 2000. In 1993 there were two hospital beds for every 833 people and two doctors for every 1,266 people. By now the immunization of children has reached 85 percent, and increased efforts are being made to monitor and control AIDS and venereal diseases.
57. What is an appropriate title for this passage?
[A] Fast Economic Development in China. [B] Social Development in China.
[C] The Current Chinese Society. [D] People's View on China's Reform.
58. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
[A] Chinese people account for 22 percent of the world's total population.
[B] The arable land in China constitutes seven percent of that of the world.
[C] Most Chinese people now can easily buy the necessities of life.
[D] Urban residents can eat nutritiously, but rural residents cannot.
59. What is mentioned as a difficulty of poverty elimination efforts by the passage?
[A] Slow economic development. [B] Vast area of land.
[C] Huge population increase. [D] Natural disaster.
60. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
[A] Educational developments have set millions of Chinese people free.
[B] After 1986, every child in China must receive an education of at least nine years.
[C] Nowadays, only 7% of young and middle-aged people cannot read or write.
[D] There is compulsory education for children now.
61. Which of the following is mentioned as an example of achievements in health care?
[A] Increasing budget and attention. [B] Preferential tax policy and incentives.
[C] Decreasing mortality rate and medicine price. [D] Ratio of hospital beds to patient.
Passage Two
I have certainly seen lots of changes in my lifetime! I look around my home and see "mod cons" that I could never have dreamed of 50 or 60 years ago. I spent the early part of childhood in a cottage without running water or electricity and yet these days, I feel paralyzed if there is a power cut for even just an hour or two! So, I have changed too. Things that I couldn't even imagine in the past now seem quite normal.
Businessmen can travel from London to New York in three hours and lots of people exceed the seventy-mile-per-hour speed limit on motorways. A person of 75 is not old these days. A serious illness does not mean certain death because there have been so many advances in medical science. We no longer need to be afraid of contracting diseases like polio or smallpox. I can speak to my son in Australia from my own sitting room here in Manchester, watch athletes running a race on the other side of the world without moving from my own home and I can even do my shopping while I sit here in an armchair. I never need to worry about food going bad in the warm weather and, at the flick of a switch, I can have a hot meal in a couple of minutes. So, it seems, the quality of life has greatly improved since my own childhood.
I'm not convinced, however, that people are happier today than they were 50 years ago. We are certainly materially better off than we were but most people still seem to be weighed down by problems. My daughter and her family are a good illustration. They have a spacious, comfortable home with every labor-saving device you can think of. There's a washing machine, a clothes dryer, a food processor, a vacuum cleaner and all sorts of other household items which are designed to save time but it seems to me that my daughter and her husband just spend all that "saved" time working! They never relax and are always complaining of being tired and "stressed".
62. What is the passage mainly about?
[A] How life has improved. [B] How life has become worse.
[C] A comparison of life now and that in the past. [D] Memory of life in the past.
63. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
[A] People can travel faster nowadays.
[B] In the past, a 75-year-old person is considered old.
[C] Now a person will die if he suffers from a serious illness.
[D] At present we will no longer be helpless victims of diseases like polio or smallpox.
64. What does the word "contracting" (Line 4, Para. 2) mean?
[A] Infecting. [B] Acquiring. [C] Shrinking. [D] Entering into an agreement.
65. Which of the following is NOT an example given by the author to demonstrate the convenience of _____ modern life?
[A] Quick food. [B] Easy shopping. [C] Internet. [D] TV shows.
66. According to the author, what is a problem of modem life?
[A] Increased crimes. [B] Diminished friendships. [C] Increased divorce rate. [D] Pressure of modem life.
Part Ⅴ Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
On March I, a reader's letter published in Lianhe Zaobao's Forum page with the headline "Feedback from Readers Taken Seriously" caught my eyes. The author cited a number of suggestions he made which received (67) responses from the authorities and quick follow-up actions to back his observation. His own experiences (68) him to conclude that: "This is a good (69) of the democratic system at work in Singapore." Newspaper provides avenues for people to air their views and these are taken seriously by the authority (70) act promptly to find solutions (71) problems. (72) first glance, the letter appears only to affirm the positive and effective communication between government departments and the people. (73) should not be overlooked, however, is that underpinning this virtuous circle is the (74) of the media. To begin with, the people must have faith in the media for them to (75) up problems and issues in the belief that when their concerns are highlighted in the press, the authorities will (76) the situation. This is evidence of the credibility that the press enjoys among people. Similarly, the government, well (77) of the influence the newspapers have over its readers, pays close attention to reports, comments and views in the press. And ministries or departments will investigate and (78) with problems that come under their purview in a speedy manner. This shows that government (79) the media and believes the concerns expressed by the man in the street are genuine. It is the duty of the media to keep the people (80) of government policies and major events as well as provide (81) feedback to the government on the problems and hardships the people face. The media (82) as a bridge between the government and the people and should seek to make each aware of the concerns of the other and establish an (83) channel of communication between them. This is also the process (84) which the media develops its credibility. To win the trust of the people and strengthen its hand, the government should keep (85) of the changing needs of the people and help them overcome problems. An open and democratic government should respect the fight of the people to have (86) to information. It should, for example, explain to them the rationale for changing an important policy. And the information should be timely and comprehensive.
67. [A] slow [B] swift [C] mild [D] emotional
68. [A] lead [B] leads [C] let [D] led
69. [A] illustration [B] show [C] way [D] sign
70. [A] where [B] when [C] which [D] by which
71. [A] of [B] to [C] with [D] about
72. [A] As [B] In [C] On [D] At
73. [A] What [B] How [C] Which [D] That
74. [A] persuasion [B] influence [C] credibility [D] status
75. [A] bring [B] propose [C] make [D] discover
76. [A] exacerbate [B] press [C] remedy [D] disregard
77. [A] resent [B] aware [C] above [D] notice
78. [A] dispenses [B] passes [C] deals [D] handles
79. [A] respects [B] is afraid of [C] is superior to [D] relies
80. [A] away [B] informed [C] fear [D] acquisitive
81. [A] questionable [B] little [C] retorted [D] accurate
82. [A] acts [B] plays [C] is [D] looks
83. [A] good [B] effective [C] smooth [D] accurate
84. [A] in [B] to [C] by [D] with
85. [A] pace [B] looking [C] abreast [D] time
86. [A] access [B] channel [C] way [D] methods
Part VI Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. There are a lot of people______________________(喜欢看电视), but I prefer to read books in my spare time.
88.There is no specific requirements on the sample listening tests, so students can listen to the dialogue repeatedly__________________________________(想要听几遍都可以).
89. Internet is__________________________________________(起着越来越重要的作用) in our modem society.
90. __________________________(除了比较长之外), the report can be regarded as convincing and impressive.
91. As a client relationship manager, one has to always consider the needs of the customers ______________________(而不是自己的方便)
参考答案：
Part I Writing
[范文] Overseas Study at an Early Age
Nowadays, more and more parents are eager to send their children to study abroad before they finish high school by whatever means and at whatever cost. It is quite understandable for parents to send their children to study overseas because they place high expectations on their children. They are encouraged by the success stories of those who have completed their overseas study. With the development of economy, companies and institutions at home are giving more and more emphasis on overseas experiences, too.
Consequently, pursuing overseas study has become a kind of short cut in gaining a better future. Moreover, there is still one underlying reason for this rash-economic reason. The rapid economic progress in the past few years in China has enabled more and more parents to afford the huge cost for their children's overseas study.
As for me, overseas study is surely a helpful way to get both advanced knowledge and necessary experiences, but overseas study at an early age is neither necessary nor beneficial. The students may be too young to either tend for themselves or think for themselves. I do think that overseas study can contribute to one's self-improvement, but it's better to be pursued after one has finished his college study at home, when he is more capable of learning and living on his own.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A
8. Transport
9. high-altitude emissions 10.recession
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A 47. A 48.N 49. K 50. D 51. B 52. J 53. E 54. M 55. C 56. G
Section B 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. A 61. D 62. C 63. C 64. B 65. C 66. D
Part Ⅴ Cloze
67. B 68. D 69. A 70. C 71. B 72. D 73. A 74. C 75. A 76. C 77. B 78. C 79. A 80. B 81. D 82. A 83. B 84. C 85. C 86. A
Part VI Translation
87. who love to watch TV
88. as much as they want
89. playing an increasingly important role
90. Except for its lengthiness
91. rather than/instead of one's own convenience
英语四级考前模拟试题2
1、听录音，回答1-36题：
A.She is going to stay at home.
B.She is going to fix the telephone.
C.She is going to call the telephone company.
D.She is going to work in the telephone company.
2、
A.She can't rest well.
B.She has too much to read.
C.She has to finish a job on time.
D.She doesn't like her reading class.
3、
A.She isn't having much trouble.
B.She understood the reading yesterday.
C.She understands very little.
D.She is good at intensive reading.
4、
A.It's not easy to get a taxi.
B.It's easier to get to the railway station.
C.They have to ask Paul to drive the taxi.
D.They do not have to ask Paul to drive them.
5、
A.They had a misunderstanding four years ago.
B.They really like each other very much.
C.They've been angry with one another for a long time.
D.They've never learned how to express their feelings.
6、
A.She would go to a party.
B.She would work overtime.
C.She would work early in the morning.
D.She would go home immediately after work.
7、
A.The woman should get on the plane.
B.The plane will land at 9:30.
C.The woman need not worry.
D.The announcer should try not to sound nervous.
8、
A.He thinks his boss is terrible.
B.He thinks his boss is frank.
C.He thinks his boss is rude.
D.He thinks his boss is always wrong.
9、Conversation One.
听材料，回答下列问题：
A.Stay at home.
B.Hold parties.
C.Do part-time jobs.
D.Travel.
10、
A.Hired Eric to take care of the pets.
B.Hired Margaret to look after the house.
C.Asked Mr. Cohen to take care of the children.
D.Hired Eric to water the plants.
11、
A.By interviewing the applicants.
B.By examining the application letter.
C.By taking suggestion from the student employment office.
D.By listening to their friend's recommendation.
12、Conversation Two.
听材料，回答下列各题：
A.His major.
B.High salary.
C.His preference.
D.His tutor's advice.
13、
A.They just keep them in small cages.
B.They don't feed them with enough food.
C.They give them too much training.
D.They don't give them food at regular time.
14、
A.To obtain a toy.
B.To decorate their life.
C.To make money.
D.To show their wealth.
15、
A.Tourist and animal feeder.
B.Consultant and animal expert.
C.Interviewer and interviewee.
D.Pet owner and animal doctor.
16、Passage One.
听材料，回答下列各题：
A.To measure the movement of waves in the ocean.
B.To determine whether the Earth's temperature is going up.
C.To study the behavior of some sea animals.
D.To measure the depths of the ocean.
17、
A.To attract more sea animals to the testing site.
B.To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.
C.To help trace the sea animals being tested.
D.To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.
18、
A.They were frightened and distressed.
B.They swam away when the speaker was turned on.
C.They swam closer to "examine" the speaker when it was turned off.
D.They didn't seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.
19、Passage Two.
听材料，回答下列各题：
A.The performance required for a certain job.
B.The required behavior, knowledge and skills.
C.The training contents and methods required.
D.The costs and the quality of the programme.
20、
A.The difference between a job description and job specification.
B.The difference between what is taught, and how it is taught.
C.The difference between the costs and the quality of the programme.
D.The difference between the training contents and methods required.
21、
A.The training methods and the quality of the training staff.
B.The performance of the trainees in the programme.
C.The places where the training programmes take place.
D.The way to evaluate the training programme.
22、Passage Three.
听材料，回答下列各题：
A.It means the year you take off and you'll continue school with enough money.
B.It means the year you have offbetween high school and college.
C.It means the year you have off during your college life.
D.It means the year you take off before high school.
23、
A.Because they want to travel to broaden their horizon.
B.Because they want to explore what they are interested in.
C.Because they need to go back to serve military duty.
D.Because they need to recover after twelve years of required education.
24、
A.They worry that their children will miss their friends.
B.They are worried about their children's safety when traveling.
C.They worry that their children cannot find their real interest.
D.They worry that their children will choose not to go to college.
25、
A.It helps students explore their hobbies.
B.It provides students with opportunities to do field practice.
C.It offers position to students in her company.
D.It aims to help students plan the year they take off.
听力填空题
26、听材料，回答下列各题：
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, youare required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage isread for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. (26) ___ history the sea has survivedthe needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and a (27) __ way to travel to many partsof the world. Today, experts (28) __ that nearly two-thirds of the world's population lives withineighty kilometers of the seacoast.
In the modem technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind (29) ___Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to (30)___many ofman's needs.
The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology are (31) __. Oil and gasexploration has existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of (32) such as iron, nickel andcopper exist on the ocean floor, ready to be (33) __
Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and
selfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by (34) __ peoples.
Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warmtemperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to that of the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of hydroelectric power.
Technology is enabling man to explore even deeper under the sea. New undersea technology isproviding divers with diving suits and (35) __ that are kept at sea-level pressure. The developmentof strong, new materials has made this possible.
第(26)题________
27、第(27)题________
28、第(28)题________
29、第(29)题________
30、第(30)题________
31、第(31)题________
32、第(32)题________
33、第(33)题________
34、第(34)题________
35、第(35)题________
Section A
36、Questions 36-46 are based on the following passage.
Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, infact, a nation which can be divided into several (36) __ parts, each part being an individual countrywith its own language, character and cultural (37) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Walesdo not claim to (38) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (39) __ "English".They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which inturn is (40) ___ to the others.
These cultural minorities (少数民族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degreesthey have managed to (41) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and wayof life. This is probably even more ture of the (42)___areas where traditional life has not been soaffected by the (43) __ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are saidto be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots would rather(44) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songsand dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (45) __ as a whole produceshumorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Bums, and the WelshDylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
A)incomprehensible
B)temper
C) remote
D) separate
E) understandable
F) forget
G) generally
H) temperament
I) preserve
J) strictly
K) traditions
L) reserve
M) growth
N) apply
O) belong
第(36)题________
37、第(37)题________
38、第(38)题________
39、第(39)题________
40、第(40)题________
41、第(41)题________
42、第(42)题________
43、第(43)题________
44、第(44)题________
45、第(45)题________
Section B
46、回答46-56题：
A) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on. Nowthree new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine.
B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bedroom can have onthird graders. "We looked at the household media environment in relation to academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language arts tests," said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, collected data on386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TVsets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collecteddata on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doinghomework and reading. The researchers found that the media in the household, where it is and howit is used can have a profound effect on learning. "We found that the household media environmenthas a very close association with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said.
D) "A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is eight points lower ona mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in the bedroom," she noted. Thesechildren also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with chil-dren who don't have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.
E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. "When there's TVin the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched,"Borzekowski said. "They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seemsto be associated with kids' performance on academic tests." Borzekowski believes that content andthe time the TV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect. "If the TV is in the familyroom, then parents can see the content of what children are watching," she said. "Parents can chooseto sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strat-egy is to keep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there."
F) In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand,and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TVduring childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study,the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. The researchers found that those whowatched the most television during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26."We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave schoolwithout any qualifications," Hancox said in a prepared statement. "Those who watched little televi-sion had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree."
G) Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on graduating from col-lege. "An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was strongly linked to leavingschool without any qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing that had the greatest impact ongetting a degree," he said. "This suggests that excessive television in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance."
H) In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from the University of Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result in lower test scores inmathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. "We looked at how much televisionchildren watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5," Zimmerman said. "We found that for chil-dren who watched a small amount of TV in the earlier years, there was co nsiderable beneficial ef-fect compared to children who watched a lot of TV."
I) For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. "There were some beneficialeffects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary," he noted. "Theworst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3. Those kids had a significantdisadvantage compared to the other kids." Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediat-rics recommendation, which is no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. "Personally, I feel thecutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3."
J) One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on whatchildren are watching. "Content matters," said Deborah L. Linebarger, an assistant professor at theUniversity of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying editorial. "Educational content hasbeen found to be related to performance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers, whereas, non-educational content tends to be associated with lower academic performance."
K) Another expert agrees. "TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things," saidDr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and TreatmentProgram at the New York University Child Study Center. "TV is not necessarily toxic, but is some-thing that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child forhealthy development."
L) Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch squarely on par-ents. "The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading ordoing homework," he said. "The key is the amount of control parents have in limiting the amount ofaccess. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of what is being watched; limit the amount of TVwatching."
According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.
47、The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school.
48、Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.
49、According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.
50、In Deborah L. Lingbarger's opinion, educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.
51、The environment of family media greatly affects children's test scores according to the first report.
52、Borzekowski believes that TV's negative effect on children's marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.
53、Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids' TV watching.
54、According to the recommendation from American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2 should watch no TV.
55、Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one's acquiring a college degree most.
Section C
56、Questions 56-61 are based on the following passage.
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on asmaller scale, faces practically every company, trying to develop new products and create new jobs.There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, andwhile banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend themmoney, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuingstocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulationthe savings of individual and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seekingto invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Governmentor by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could notfunction. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, localauthorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one wayor another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stocky Exchange exists top rovide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
Almost all companies trying to develop new products and creating new jobs have to
de the banks to provide long-term finance
on their own financial resources
large sums of money from friends and relatives
on the population as a whole for finance
57、The money, which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects, is
by the selling of shares in the companies
to its original owners as soon as possible
by putting into circulation of the savings of individual overseas
ed in different companies on the Stock Exchange
58、The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the government, local authorities and nationalized industries
make certain everybody saves money
borrow as much money as they wish
raise money to finance new developments
make certain everybody lends money to them
59、All the essential services on which we depend are
by the Government or our local authorities
constant need of financial support
to meet the needs of the populations
ed wholly by rates and taxes
60、When the savers want their money back they
er their money to a more successful company
to borrow money from other people
their shares in the company back on the market
to the company to take it back
61、Questions{TSE}are based on the following passage.
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what the seenergy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late any way.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour.This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiting more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _____ .
is a lazy person
refuses to follow his own energy cycle
is not sure when his energy is low
is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
62、Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A.Unawareness of energy cycles.
B.Familiar monologues.
C.A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D.Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
63、If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should_____ .
his energy cycle
me his laziness
up earlier than usual
to bed earlier
64、You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will
lp to keep your energy for the day's work
lp you to control your temper early in the day
you to concentrate on your routine work
your energy cycle under control all day
65、Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.
B.Dr. Kletman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C.Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D.Children have energy cycles, too.
Part IV Translation.(30minutes)
66、端午节(the Duanwu Festival)，也叫龙舟节(the Dragon Boat Festival)，是中国农历(Chineselunar calendar)的五月初五。关于这个节日有很多传说，但是最著名是屈原的传说。屈原是战国(the Warring States PerioD.时期楚国的一位大臣。他正直，忠诚，因为提出让国家和平繁荣的`建议而为人所尊重。然而，国王的统治让屈原日益心灰意冷，他于农历五月初五自沉汨罗江。
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