12月大学英语四级真题

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2011年12月大学英语四级真题

　　Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

2011年12月大学英语四级真题

　　Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Willby commentingon the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.

　　Nothing SucceedsWithout a Strong Will

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionson Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete thesentence with the information given in the passage.

　　Why IntegrityMatters

　　What Is Integrity?

　　The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standardsfor oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also livingup to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by andfollows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be cloudedby stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.

　　What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? Wefeel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationshipswith others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personalor professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integritymust be one of our most important goals.

　　Risky Business

　　We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, makingprocess has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of characteris whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we didand then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.

　　Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. Wemust learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, wecan't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules andbe aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism(剽窃) may accidentallyuse words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep carefulresearch notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. Butthe fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse themisconduct, Ignorance is not a defense.

　　"But EverybodyDoes It"

　　Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to foolthemselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone elsedoes it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade."Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's exam, even thoughI'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I’mjust checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actionsand avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anythingwrong, we can't see the real choice we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.

　　To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask howyou would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yourshoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're takinga risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

　　EvaluatingRisks

　　To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences,in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to othersas well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus onimmolate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequencesof getting caught are serious and may include a "O" on a test or assignment,an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact,when you break a role or law, you lose control over your life and give others thepower to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable(脆弱的) position.There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justifysuch a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.

　　Getting Awaywith it - Or Not

　　Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learnfrom the test, which deprives (剥夺) him her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence:the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed.Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guiltyand afraid of getting caught.

　　Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheatsagain, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier."This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually,the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.

　　Cheating HurtsOther, Too

　　Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count"and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative(累积的) effect. Cheatingcan spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30%or more of college students cheat. Ifa class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is nocurve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressuredto join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with those who do") Cheatingalso has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of goof teaching is seeingstudents learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not interested in what you're tryingto teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others."The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally,cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hardfor their degree.

　　Why IntegrityMarten

　　If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on thehonesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buyfood, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane,go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harmthat is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty canhave. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and,of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrityof political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take atremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example,but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce thenational debt and pay for education.

　　In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society.Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to buildthe kind of world in which we want to live.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　1. A personof integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.

　　A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makesthem known to others

　　C) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them

　　2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?

　　A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitatescommunication

　　C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect

　　3. why mustwe learn to identify the risks we are going to take?

　　A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.

　　C. So that we don’t break any rules. D. So that we don’t run into trouble.

　　4. Violationof a rule is misconduct even if _______?

　　A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed tobe unintentional.

　　C. it has gone unnoticed. D. it is committed with good intentions.

　　5. What shouldone do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?

　　A. Avoid making excuses. B. Listen to otherpeople’s advice.

　　C. Make his intensions public. D. Have others watch over his shoulder.

　　6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.

　　A. will often become more cautious B. are usuallyvery aggressive

　　C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end

　　7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.

　　A) pay more dearly B) become more confident

　　C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky

　　8. Cheatersat exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to __________.

　　9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on ___________.

　　10. Many Americanslost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of __________.

　　Part III ListeningComprehension (35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question therewill be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　11. A) Readthe notice on the window.

　　B) Go and ask the staff.

　　C) Get a new bus schedule.

　　D) Board the bus to Cleveland.

　　12. A) He waslooking forward to seeing the giraffes.

　　B) He enjoyed watching the animal performance.

　　C) He got home too late to see the TV special.

　　D) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.

　　13. A) Shewants to take the most direct way.

　　B) She may be late for the football game.

　　C) She is worried about missing her flight.

　　D) She is currently caught in a traffic jam.

　　14. A) At arestaurant. B) In a fish shop. C) At a clinic. D) On a fishing boat.

　　15. A) He isan experienced sales manager.

　　B) He is being interviewed for a job.

　　C) He is a close friend of the woman.

　　D) He is good at answering tricky questions.

　　16. A) Theman should consider his privacy first.

　　B) The man will choose a low-rent apartment.

　　C) The man is not certain if he can find a quieterplace.

　　D) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.

　　17. A) Thewoman is going to make her topic more focused.

　　B) The man and the woman are working on a jointproject.

　　C) One should choose a broad topic for a researchpaper.

　　D) It took a lot of time to get the man on theright track.

　　18. A) Theywent camping this time last year.

　　B) They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic.

　　C) They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions.

　　D) They weren’t experienced in organizing picnics.

　　Questions 19to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. A) He likesSweden better than England.

　　B) He prefers hot weather to cold weather.

　　C) He is an Englishman living in Sweden.

　　D) He visits London nearly every winter.

　　20. A) Thebad weather. B) The gloomy winter. C) The cold houses. D) The long night.

　　21. A) Delightful.B) Painful. C) Depressing. D) Refreshing.

　　22. A) Theyoften stay up late reading.

　　B) They work hard and play hard.

　　C) They like to go camping in summer.

　　D) They try to earn more and spend more.

　　Questions 23to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23. A) EnglishLiterature. B) Management. C) French. D) Public Administration.

　　24. A) Englishteaching. B) Staff training.

　　C) Careers guidance. D) Psychological counseling.

　　25. A) Itsgenerous scholarship. B) Its worldwide fame.

　　C) Its well-designed courses. D) Its pleasant environment.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section,you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. A) Characteristicsof Japanese artists.

　　B) Some features of Japanese culture.

　　C) The art of Japanese brush painting.

　　D) The uniqueness of Japanese art.

　　27. A) To calmthemselves down.

　　B) To enhance concentration.

　　C) To show their impatience.

　　D) To signal lack of interest.

　　28. A) Howlisteners in different cultures show respect.

　　B) How speakers can win approval from the audience.

　　C) How speakers can misunderstand the audience.

　　D) How different Western and Eastern art formsare.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29. A) Directingpersonnel evaluation.

　　B) Buying and maintaining equipment.

　　C) Drawing up plans for in-service training.

　　D) Interviewing and recruiting employees.

　　30. A) Someof his equipment was damaged in a fire.

　　B) The training program he ran was a failure.

　　C) Two of his workers were injured at work.

　　D) Two of his employees committed theft.

　　31. A) A betterrelationship with his boss.

　　B) Advancement to a higher position.

　　C) A better-paying job in another company.

　　D) Improvement in the company’s management.

　　32. A) Shehas more self-confidence than Chris.

　　B) She works with Chris in the same division.

　　C) She has more management experience than Chris.

　　D) She is competing with Chris for the new job.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 33to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　33. A) Theyhelp us see the important values of culture.

　　B) They guide us in handling human relationship.

　　C) They help us express ourselves more effectively.

　　D) They are an infinite source of human knowledge.

　　34. A) Theirwording may become different.

　　B) The values they reflect may change.

　　C) Their origins can no longer be traced.

　　D) Theymay be misinterpreted occasionally.

　　35. A) Certainvalues are shared by a large number of cultures.

　　B) Some proverbs are assuming more and more importance.

　　C) Old proverbs are constantly replaced by newones.

　　D) Certain values have always been central to aculture.

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section,you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 withthe exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are requiredto fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exactwords you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own (36) _____, I no longerimagine I can get through a (37) _____ day much less all my life, (38) _____ onmy own. Even if I am on (39) _____ in the mountains, I am eating food someone elsehas grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone elsehas (40) _____ from cloth woven by others, using (41) _____ someone else is distributingto my house. (42) _____ of interdependence is everywhere; we are on this (43) _____together.

　　As I was growing up, (44) _irbcttininterwe__________________________________________________.“Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remarkwhen I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made yourbed, lie on it. Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture. I imaginethat (45) __ __________________________________________. But the teachingwas shaped by our cultural imagines. And instead, I grew up believing that I wassupposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to askfor help.

　　(46) ____________________________________________________________________.

　　Part III Listening Comprehension听力原文

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversationand the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) andD), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　11.

　　W: This crazy bus schedule has got mecompletely confused. I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?

　　M: Why don’t you just go to the ticketwindow and ask?

　　Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

　　12.

　　W: I really enjoyed the TV special aboutdrafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?

　　W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayedawake long enough to see the whole thing.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　13.

　　W: Airport, please. I’m running a littlelate. So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.

　　M: Sure, but there is a lot of trafficeverywhere today because of the football game.

　　Q: What do we learn about the woman fromthe conversation?

　　14.

　　W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Ourseafood with this special sauce is very good.

　　M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish.I’m allergic to it.

　　Q: Where does this conversation mostprobably take place?

　　15. W: now one more question if you don’tmind, what position in the company appeals to you most?

　　M: Well, I’d like the position of salesmanager if that position is still vacant.

　　Q: What do we learn about the man?

　　16. M: I don’t think I want to live in thedormitory next year. I need more privacy.

　　W: I know what you mean. But check out thecost if renting an apartment first. I won’t be surprised if you change yourmind.

　　Q: What does the woman imply?

　　17. M: You’re on the right track. I justthink you need to narrow the topic down.

　　W: Yeah, you’re right. I always start bychoosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.

　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

　　18. W: This picnic should beat the last onewe went to, doesn’t it?

　　M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole timeinside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.

　　What do we learn about the speakers fromthe conversation?

　　Long Conversation

　　Conversation One

　　M: When I say I live in Sweden, peoplealways want to know about the seasons.

　　W: The seasons?

　　M: Yeah, you know how cold it is in winter?What is it like when the days are so short?

　　W: So what is it like?

　　M: Well, it is cold ,very cold in winter.Sometimes it is cold as 26 degrees below centigrade. And of course when you goout, you’ll wrap up warm. But inside in the houses it’s always very warm, muchwarmer than at home. Swedish people always complain that when they visitEngland, the houses are cold even in the good winter.

　　W: And what about the darkness?

　　M: Well, yeah, around Christmas timethere’s only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring.It is sometimes a bit depressing. But you see the summers are amazing, from Mayto July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets. It’s still light in themidnight. You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.

　　W: Oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun.

　　M: Yeah, that’s right, but it’s wonderful.You won’t stay up all night. And the Swedes makes most of it often they startedwork earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so thatthey can really enjoy the long summer evenings. They’d like to work hard, butplay hard, too. I think Londoners work longer hours, but I’m not sure this is agood thing.

　　Q19: What do we learn about the man fromthe conversation?

　　Q20: What do Swedish people complain aboutwhen they visit England in winter?

　　Q21: How does the man describe the shorthour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden?

　　Q21: What does the man say about theSwedish people?

　　Conversation Two

　　W: What kind of training does one need togo into this type of job?

　　M: That’s a very good question. I don’tthink there is any, specifically.

　　W: For example, in your case, what was youreducational background?

　　M: Well, I did a degree in French atNottingham. After that, I did careers work in secondary schools like thecareers guidance people. Here is in the university. Then I went into localgovernment because I found I was more interested in the administrative side.Then progressed on to universities. So there wasn’t any plan and there was nospecific training. There are plenty of training courses in managementtechniques and committee work which you can attend now.

　　W: But in the first place, you did a Frenchdegree.

　　M: In my time, there wasn’t a degree youcould do for administration. I think most of the administrators I’ve comeacross have degrees and all sorts of things.

　　W: Well, I know in my case, I did anEnglish literature degree and I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I amdoing now.

　　M: Quite.

　　W: But you are local to Nottingham,actually? Is there any reason why you went to NottinghamUniversity?

　　M: No, no, I come from the north ofEngland, from west Yorkshire. Nottingham was one of the universities I put onmy list. And I like the look of it. The campus is just beautiful.

　　W: Yes, indeed. Let’s see. Were you fromthe industrial part of Yorkshire?

　　M: Yes, from the Woolen District.

　　Q23. What was the man’s major atuniversity?

　　Q24: What was the man’s job in secondaryschools?

　　Q25: What attracted the man toNottinghamUniversity?

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　While Gail Obcamp, an American artist wasgiving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience thatincluded visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japaneselisteners have their eyes closed. Were they tuned off because an American hadthe nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately triedto signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listenerswere not being disrespectful. Japanese listeners sometimes closed their eyes toenhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her bychewing on her words. Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in asituation involving people from other countries or members of minority group inNorth America. Learning how different cultures signal respect can help youavoid misunderstandings. Here are some examples. In the deaf culture of NorthAmerica, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by wavingthem in the air. In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups inNorth America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly atthe speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoidingdirect eye contact. In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign ofapproval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult.

　　Questions:

　　26, What did Obcamp’s speech focus on?

　　27, Why do Japanese listeners sometimesclose their eyes while listening to a speech?

　　28, What does the speaker try to explain?

　　Passage Two

　　Chris is in charge of purchasing andmaintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company. He is soon going tohave an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director todiscuss the work he has done in the past year. Salary, promotion and plans forthe coming year will also be discussed at the meeting. Chris has made severalchanges for his Division in the past year. First, he bought new equipment forone of the departments. He has been particularly happy about the new equipmentbecause many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them. Alongwith improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to useequipment better and do simple maintenance themselves. The training saved timefor the employees and money for the company. Unfortunately, one serious problemdeveloped during the year. Two employees the Chris hired were stealing, and hehad to fire them. Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenancemanager for the whole company will be open in a few months, and he would liketo be promoted to the job. Chris knows, however, that someone else wants thatnew job, too. Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in anotherDivision of the company. She has also made several changes over the year. Chrisknows that his boss likes Kim’s work, and he expects that his work will becompared with hers.

　　Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passageyou have just heard.

　　29. What is Chris’s main responsibility atTaxlong Company?

　　30. What problem did Chris encounter in hisDivision?

　　31. What does Chris hope for in the nearfuture?

　　32. What do we learn about Kim from thepassage?

　　Passage Three

　　Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, areexamples of folk wisdom. They are little lessons which older people of aculture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life. Many proverbsremind people of the values that are important in the culture. Values teachpeople how to act, what is right, and what is wrong. Because the values of eachculture are different, understanding the values of another culture helpsexplain how people think and act. Understanding your own culture values isimportant too. If you can accept that people from other cultures act accordingto their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier. Manyproverbs are very old. So some of the values they teach may not be as importantin the culture as they once were. For example, Americans today do not pay muchattention to the proverb “Haste makes waste”, because patience is not importantto them. But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand thepresent and many of the older values are still strong today. Benjamin Franklin,a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb“Time is money” is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before.A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared bymany cultures. In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently.

　　Questions 33- 35 are based on the passageyou have just heard.

　　33. Why are proverbs so important?

　　34. According to the speaker what happensto some proverbs with the passage of time?

　　35 What do we learn from the study ofproverbs from around the world?

　　Section C

　　Compound Dictation

　　Our lives are woven together. As much as Ienjoy my own company, I no longer imagine I can get through a single day muchless all my life completely on my own. Even if I am on vacation in themountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someoneelse has built, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven byothers, using electricity someone else is distributing to my house. Evidence ofinterdependence is everywhere; we are on this journey together.

　　As I was growing up, I remember beingcarefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything. “Makeyour own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark whenI was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made yourbed, lie on it.

　　Total independence is a dominant thing inour culture. I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to takeresponsibilities for my actions and my choices. But the teaching was shaped byour cultural imagines. And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed tobe totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help fromanybody.

　　Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for eachblank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　With the world's population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050,researchers. businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact thisincrease will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs.Underling all this 47 will be the demand for energy, which is expected to doubleover the next 40 years.

　　Finding the resources to meet this demand in a __48__ sustainable way is thecornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major __49__ of the21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name afew are __50__ being funded and developed, and will play a growing __51__ in theworld's energy supply. But experts say that even when __52__, alternative energysources will likely meet only about 30% of the world's energy needs by 2050.

　　For example, even with __53__ investments, such as the $93 million for windenergy development __54__ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act,important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels __55__ only about1% of the market today.

　　Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needswill likely come from a lot of __56__ both traditional and alternative.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four chokes marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotionsand involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.

　　Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys thechance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says.

　　Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in culturaland artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, ratherthan feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotionsto be a "real man".

　　The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better whentaught alongside girls.

　　Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded by the Britisheducation system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachersfor failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

　　The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools becausethey become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking andreading skills.

　　But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style,letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to preventboredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

　　Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused"approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generallyhave more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active,they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walkaround. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and preferthe modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote.

　　Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they hadto conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge"in relationships. "In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men beforethey understand themselves well enough to know what that means, " the studyreported.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　57. The authorbelieves that a single-sex school would __________.

　　A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "realmen"

　　B) help to cultivate masculine aggressivenessin boys

　　C) encourage boys to express their emotionsmore freely

　　D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditionalimage of a man

　　58. It is commonlybelieved that in a mixed school boys __________.

　　A) Perform relatively better C) behave moreresponsibly

　　B) grow up more healthily D) receive a bettereducation

　　59. What doesTony Little say about the British education system?

　　A) It fails more boys than girls academically.

　　B) It focuses more on mixed school education.

　　C) It fails to give boys the attention theyneed.

　　D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

　　60. Accordingto Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is __________.

　　A) teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristicsof boys

　　B) boys can focus on their lessons without beingdistracted

　　C) boys can choose to learn whatever they areinterested in

　　D) teaching can be designed to promote boys'team spirit

　　61. Which ofthe following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report?

　　A) They enjoy being in charge. C) They havesharper vision.

　　B) They conform to stereotypes. D) They areviolent and sexist.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner saysno because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off and we have no savings to saveus. I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can'tgo on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year - we just won'tgo.

　　Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationshipto its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means morethan not booking a holiday A YouGov poll of 2, 000 people found 22% said they werearguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clearis whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession – financial pressuresmean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent researchshows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterizedby intense verbal (言语上的) aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved and made men, more thanwomen, extremely angry.

　　Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a bigdeal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women."People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of whatit's for." he explains. "They'll say it's to save to spend, for security,for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely tosee money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achievedsomething.

　　"The biggest problem is that couples assume each other know what's goingon with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than aboutdeath. But you both need to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the jointaccount and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't haveto agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答：

　　62. What doesthe author say about vacationing?

　　A) People enjoy it all the more during a recession.

　　B) Few people can afford it without workinghard.

　　C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

　　D) It is the chief cause of family disputes.

　　63. What doesthe author mean by saying "money is known ... to bring a relationship to itsknees"(Line 1, Para. 2)?

　　A) Money is considered to be the root of allevils.

　　B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

　　C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.

　　D) Disputes over money may rain a relationship.

　　64. The YouGovpoll of 2, 000 people indicates that in a recession __________.

　　A) conflicts between couples tend to rise

　　B) it is more expensive for couples to splitup

　　C) couples show more concern for each other

　　D) divorce and separation rates increase

　　65. What doesKim Stephenson believe?

　　A) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.

　　B) Money means a great deal to both and women.

　　C) Men and women spend money on different things.

　　D) Men and women view money in different ways.

　　66. The authorsuggests at the end of the passage that couples should __________.

　　A) put their money together instead of keepingit separately

　　B) make efforts to reach agreement on theirfamily budgets

　　C) discuss money matters to maintain a healthyrelationship

　　D) avoid arguing about money matters to remainromantic

　　Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20blanks in the following passage. For each bland there are four choices marked A),B),C)andD) on the right side of the paper You should choose the ONE that best fits intothe passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　Employers fear they will be unable to recruit students with the skills theyneed as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey __67__.

　　Nearly half of the organizations told researchers they were already strugglingto find __68__ with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM).__69__ even more companies expect to experience __70__ of employees with STEM skillsin the next three years.

　　The Confederation of British Industry __71__ businesses and organizations acrossthe public and __72__ sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people.

　　Half are __73__ they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the comingyears, while a third said they would not be able to __74__ enough employees withthe right A-level skills.

　　"__75__ we move further role recovery and businesses plan __76__ growth,the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will __77__,"said Richard Lambert, Director General, CBI. "Firms say it is already hardto find people with the right __78__ or engineering skills. The new government mustmake it a top __79__ to encourage more young people to study science-related __80__."

　　The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects __81__they studied business, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levelsthat employers __82__ least are psychology and sociology. And while many employersdon't insist on a __83__ degree subject. A third prefer to hire those with a STEM-relatedsubject.

　　The research __84__ worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skillsin the UK __85__. Half of the employer expressed worries about employees' basicliteracy and numeracy(计算) skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills,86two-thirds reportedconcerns.

　　67. A) submitsB) reveals C) launches D) generates

　　68. A) audienceB) officials C) partners D) staff

　　69. A) whileB) because C) for D) although

　　70. A) exitsB) shortages C) absences D) departures

　　71. A) surveyedB) searched C) exposed D) exploited

　　72. A) collectiveB) private C) personal D) civil

　　73. A) confrontedB) conformed C) concerned D) confused

　　74. A) bindB) attain C) transfer D) recruit

　　75. A) LestB) Unless C) Before D) As

　　76. A) withB) for C) on D) by

　　77. A) dominateB) stretch C) enforce D) intensify

　　78. A) creativeB) technical C) narrative D) physical