英语论文开题报告

时间：2023-01-17 09:34:32 其他报告我要投稿

英语论文开题报告(7篇)

　　在当下这个社会中，我们使用报告的情况越来越多，其在写作上具有一定的窍门。一听到写报告马上头昏脑涨？以下是小编帮大家整理的英语论文开题报告，欢迎阅读与收藏。

英语论文开题报告(7篇)

英语论文开题报告1

　　Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

　　1 Introduction

　　The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

　　Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

　　DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

　　My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

　　The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

　　A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

　　The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

　　In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

英语论文开题报告2

　　Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

　　1 Introduction

　　The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

　　In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

英语论文开题报告3

　　摘要

　　中国一向是礼仪之邦，礼仪对每个中国人来说是非常重要的，无论是会见亲朋好友或者是在人与人的打交道上，都离不开礼仪。礼仪被认为是一个人道德修养的表现，一个人若毫无礼仪可言，那么他在学习或工作时都将不会很顺利，因为没有人愿意和这样一个人相处。由于社交礼仪在我们的生活中扮演了越来越重要的角色，我在选课的时候就选修了社交礼仪这门课程。通过这一个学期的学习，我从老师那里学到了许多有关社交礼仪方面的知识，不仅拓宽了知识面，而且许多东西在我的日常生活和以后的工作中都有很大用处，比如商务礼仪。

　　如今随着世界经济的发展，特别是全球经济一体化的不断形成，各国间的联系加强，商务往来增多，如何才能在众多企业中脱颖而出，除了需要卓越的能力外，还要掌握有效沟通及妥善人际关系，建立良好优雅的企业形象，此时，商务礼仪便起到了一个十分重要的作用。商务礼仪顾名思义就是商务活动中对人的仪容仪表和言谈举止的普遍要求，体现了人与人之间的相互尊重，同时也约束了商务活动中的某些方面。而在商务往来中，任何一个表现都可能会导致意想不到的结果，也许是一块手表，也许是一顿晚餐。

　　学习了商务礼仪之后更加让我意识到了这一点。学习商务礼仪最主要的是可以提高个人的素养。比尔盖茨曾讲过，企业竞争，是员工素质的竞争，进而到企业，就是企业形象的竞争，教养体现细节，细节展示素质，可见一个人的素养高低对企业的发展是多么重要啊！其次是为了交际应酬，因为商务活动中毕竟是离不开这个的，在不同的交往活动中我们会遇到不同的人，而面对不同的人怎样进行交往也是一门艺术，如何让人感到舒服，却又没有拍马屁的嫌疑是非常关键的。最后便是有助于维护企业形象。在商务交往中，个人便代表了整体，个人的所作所为，一举一动，一言一行，就是企业的典型活体广告。

　　下面将从以下几点来对我所学习的知识进行总结：

　　一、礼仪概述

　　1交际与礼仪产生的历史背景

　　人类最早的礼仪活动也就是礼仪萌芽时期，可以追朔到原始社会，当时的礼仪较为简单和虔诚且不具备阶级性，礼仪的内容包括；制定了明确血缘关系的婚嫁礼仪；区别部族内部尊卑等级的礼制；为祭天敬神的制定的一些祭奠仪式；制定一些人们在相互交往时表示礼节表示恭敬的动作。

　　礼仪形成的具体时期则是；夏、商、西周（公元前21世纪公元前771年）人类逐步进入奴隶社会，阶级开始形成，统治阶级为了巩固自己的统治地位把原始宗教礼仪发展成为符合奴隶社会政治需要的礼制。在这个阶段中国第一次形成了比较完整的国家礼仪与制度，随着生产力的发展，商业逐步开始出现，直到春秋战国时期，礼仪制度开始变革，礼仪范围扩大，商业在社会中逐步被认可，人们因为商务活动而进行的往来也逐步增多，并在商务活动中的交际中另外形成了一套礼仪制度商务礼仪。

　　到欧洲中世纪，工业革命的出现使得生产力空前的发展，欧洲各国开始逐步入资本主义，商业占据了社会经济的主导地位，资本家大量聚集了社会财富，新贵由此族诞生，资本家之间的商务往来与交际范围开始扩大，贵族之间定期的聚会则成为了重要的交际方式之一，在交际中所产生的礼仪日渐完善，由此，商务礼仪也正式形成。部分内容沿用至今。 2礼仪的含义及种类

　　礼仪是规范自己、尊重他人的一种行为规范，是表现对他人尊重和理解的过程和手段。。礼仪中的礼字指的是尊重，尊重自己，尊重他人，而礼仪中的仪就是仪式，是一种尊重自己，尊重他人的表现形式。它是人际交往中必不可少的一种手过程，是塑造形像的手段，是人们生

　　活和社会交往中逐渐形成的行为规范和礼仪规范。

　　礼仪的种类分有多种，主要有以下大类：

　　1.古代礼仪。中国自古以来就是礼仪之邦，礼仪文明作为中国传统文化的`一个重要组成部分，对中国社会历史发展起了广泛深远的影响，其内容是十分丰富的，很多古代礼仪文化到今天仍然有积极、普片意义的文明礼仪，如：尊老敬贤，仪尚适宜，礼貌待人，容仪有整。尊老敬贤，我国自原始社会就已经逐渐形成的礼仪，在古代社会，人际的政治伦理关系均以氏族、家庭的血缘关系为纽带，故此在家庭里面遵从祖上，在社会尊敬长辈，是古代礼仪的典型例子。而由于中国古代社会推崇礼治和仁政，敬贤已经成为一种历史的要求。孟子说：养老尊贤，俊杰在位，则有庆古代这种传统礼仪，对于形成有序和谐的伦理关系，不管过去和现代，都起着重要作用。仪尚适宜，，是指一些中国传统节日的各种特定的礼俗和规定。每个诸如春节，元宵，中秋都有其各自的礼俗和讲究。在今天我们依然保持着这些优良传统，并且贵在适宜，如《二程集》中所说奢自文生，文过则奢，不足为俭，可见，仪式的规模在于得当，避免奢侈浪费。礼貌待人，是任何一个文明社会，任何一个文明民族都十分重视的。因为礼貌是人类社会构建起与他人和睦相处的桥梁，它标志这一个社会的文明程序，是中华民族文化的优良传统。容仪有整，是其修养、文明程度的表现。古人认为，容仪有整不仅是能够保持个人的尊严，还有助于进德修业。它反映出一个人的修养和生活态度。

　　2.礼仪的第二大类是社交礼仪。社交礼仪，顾名思义，就是指现代人际交往中流行的各种礼仪，如服务礼仪，商务礼仪，学校礼仪，职场工作礼仪等，它概括了在现代社交场合中各种礼仪行为。社交礼仪是指人们在人际交往过程中所具备的基本素质，交际能力等。社交在当今社会人际交往中发挥的作用愈显重要。通过社交，人们可以沟通心灵，建立深厚友谊，取得支持与帮助；通过社交，人们可以互通信息，共享资源，对取得事业成功大有获益。社交礼仪是指在人际交往和国际交往活动中，用于表示尊重、亲善和友好的首选行为规范和惯用形式。这一定义包含了以下几层意思：第一，社交礼仪是一种道德行为规范。规范就是规矩、章法、条条框框，也就是说社交礼仪是对人的行为进行约束的条条框框，告诉你要怎么做，不要怎么做。如你到老师办公室办事，进门前要先敲门，若不敲门就直接闯进去是失礼的。社交礼仪比起法律、纪律，其约束力要弱得多，违反社交礼仪规范，只能让别人产生厌恶[2]，别人不能对你进行制裁，为此，社交礼仪的约束要靠道德修养的自律。第二，社交礼仪的直接目的是表示对他人的尊重。尊重是社交礼仪的本质。人都有被尊重的高级精神需要，当在社会交往活动过程中，按照社交礼仪的要求去做，就会使人获得尊重的满足，从而获得愉悦，由此达到人与人之间关系的和谐。第三，社交礼仪的根本目的是为了维护社会正常的生活秩序。没有它，社会正常的生活秩序就会遭到破坏，在这方面，它和法律、纪律共同起作用，也正是因为这一目的，无论是资本主义社会还是社会主义社会都非常重视社交礼仪规范建设。第四，社交礼仪要求在人际交往、社会交往活动中遵守。这是它的范围，超出这个范围，社交礼仪规范就不一定适用了

　　二、礼仪对未来职业生涯的影响分析

　　商务礼仪能展示企业的文明程度、管理风格和道德水准，塑造企业形象。良好的企业形象是企业的无形资产，无疑可以为企业带来直接的经济效益。一个人讲究礼仪，就会在众人面前树立良好的个人形象；一个组织的成员讲究礼仪，就会为自己的组织树立良好的形象，赢得公众的赞誉。现代市场竞争除了产品竞争外，更体现在形象竞争。一个良好信誉和形象的公司或企业，就容易获得社会各方的信任和支持，就可在激烈的市场竞争中处于不败之地。

英语论文开题报告4

　　function and application of descriptive translation studies

　　1 introduction

　　the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

　　since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).

　　dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

　　my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

　　the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

　　a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

　　the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

　　in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

　　2 outline

　　2.1 development and major concepts of dts

　　in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

　　2.2 methodolgy

　　i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

　　2.3 dts in contrast to other theories

　　a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

　　2.4 case study

　　in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

　　2.5 conclusion

　　based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

英语论文开题报告5

　　一、选题来源、目的和意义：

　　本选题重在研究中西文化之间的差异以及这些差异对商务谈判的影响，最后得出商务谈判应该采用的策略。

　　随着我国加入WTO，国际贸易和对外交往将日益频繁，国家与国家之间、企业与企业之间、个人与个人之间，由于存在经济利益的协调，无时无处不需要谈判。出口商和进口商要消除分歧，达成一项公平的相互之间满意的交易，大多是通过商务谈判才能做到的。因此与外界交往合作的主要方式 —— 跨文化商务谈判在社会、政治、经济生活中的地位越来越重要。因此，和外商谈判打交道的时候，不要忽略一些看似微不足道的细节，那些都有可能是成败的.关键。只有正确探悉、学习和熟悉不同国家的文化差异，意识到他们的重要性，才能更好地探讨商务谈判的策略，为最后谈判的成功奠定基础和提供理论依据。

　　二、课题的主要内容(项目概要)：

　　1.谈判与文化的综述

　　2.文化差异因素对国际商务谈判的影响

　　2.1 语言和非语言差异的影响

　　2.2 思维方式差异的影响

　　2.3 价值观念差异的影响

　　3.应对商务谈判文化差异问题的对策

　　3.1 树立跨文化的谈判意识

　　3.2 谈判前做好充足的准备

　　3.3 懂得谈判对方的语言

　　3.4 对待文化问题应持有的态度

　　4.结尾

　　三、实施计划(设计工作的主要阶段、进度和完成时间等)：

　　11月11日毕业论文动员大会

　　11月12日-12月1日下达任务书

　　12月 2日-12月31日确定论文题目

　　1月1日—1月31日进行文献资料的收集、筛选、做读书笔记。

　　2月1日—2月28日完成论文详细提纲，交指导老师修改，补充。

　　3月1日—3月30日进行毕业论文初稿写作。

　　4月1日—5月19日毕业论文修改。

　　5月20日—6月5日毕业论文定稿、装订、答辩。

　　四、参考文献：

　　<1>李信，《中西方文化比较概论》，航空工业出版社，20xx.6

　　<2>李郁、张泳，浅谈国际商务谈判中的跨文化问题及对策[J]，商业研究，20xx.7

　　<3>廖瑛，《外贸谈判英语》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，20xx.2

　　<4>肖云南，《国际商务谈判》，清华大学和北方交通大学出版社，20xx.5

　　<5>杨晶，《商务谈判》，清华大学出版社，20xx.1

　　<6>姚立，《商务谈判—理论、实务、风格》，中国城市出版社，20xx.3

　　<7>袁其刚，《国际商务谈判》，山东人民出版社，20xx.2

英语论文开题报告6

　　Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

　　1 Introduction

　　The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

　　Since early 20th century，translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on，schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies（DTS）。

　　DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore，translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison，and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

　　My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation，description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice，from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies，brainstorming and the revision，to the final product making appearance in the target community.

　　The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data，some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

　　A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function，process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

　　In this regard，my observations are limited to several aspects，I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

　　2 Outline

　　2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

　　In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function，process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation，multiple translation，translationese，norm etc.

　　2.2 Methodolgy

　　2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

　　A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

　　2.4 Case study

　　In this part，translation of The Dream of Red Mansions（also translated as The Story of The Stone）will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

　　2.5 Conclusion

　　based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study，possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

　　（Note：While the topic will remain the same，the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.）